To better understand the nature of students' approaches to literary understanding, a study compared the meaning-making approaches of traditionally judged above and below average readers. In all, 144 protocols were analyzed from 24 students (12 seventh graders and 12 eleventh graders, half in each class judged as above and half as below average…

In this paper, meta-analysis is used to identify components that are associated with effective metacognitive training programs in reading research. Forty-three studies, with an average of 81 students per study, were synthesized. It was found that metacognitive training could be more effectively implemented by using small-group instruction, as…

Reading and writing are commonly seen as parallel processes of composing meaning, employing similar cognitive and linguistic strategies. Research has begun to examine ways in which knowledge of content and strategies contribute to the construction of meaning in reading and writing. The metaphor of mining can provide a useful and descriptive means…

This annotated bibliography summarizes approximately 600 reports of reading research identified between July 1, 1990, and June 30, 1991. The research studies described in the book are categorized into six areas: (1) summaries of reading research; (2) teacher preparation and practice; (3) sociology of reading; (4) physiology and psychology of…

A study examined the effectiveness of the Writing to Read Program as implemented in the East Gibson School Corporation by comparing scores on locally designed, teacher constructed reading and writing tests of students in the program with scores of those students exposed to traditional instruction. Subjects, 71 kindergarten students and 65 first…

Intended for parents, this illustrated booklet shares ways of helping children read that parents and teachers around the United States have found to work best. It focuses on helping parents create a supportive, pressure-free environment where reading at home is an enjoyable time, and where books are valued and reading is recognized as a vital…

This book serves as a resource for teachers who want to implement a whole language curriculum. More than half of the material in this second edition is new. The first half of the book updates and revises the discussion of the reading process presented in the first edition while retaining the "think-it-through-yourself" format. The…

This book summarizes approximately 600 reports of reading research identified between July 1, 1992 and June 30, 1993. Research studies in the book are categorized into six major areas: (1) summaries of reading research; (2) teacher preparation and practice; (3) sociology of reading; (4) physiology and psychology of reading; (5) the teaching of…

Two studies explored the nature of fourth- and fifth-grade students' abilities to synthesize information from multiple sources of text. The studies examined the ways in which elementary students approached a synthesis activity that involved reading two well-organized and related nonfiction articles, and then drawing upon that information as they…

A study investigated how knowledge of a word's meaning, phonology, and orthography influences who will become a poor reader and who will develop adequate skill. Subjects (38 students from a small Ontario, Canada, city) were selected in grade 2 for their poor reading ability and followed until they reached grade 4. Conditions were devised in which…

A study examined the effects of controlled language ("primerese") on children's reading. Four primerese stories from basal readers were rewritten to make the language less controlled and more natural, and the effects of these changes on several aspects of oral reading and comprehension were examined. Sixty first graders were divided into…

This book summarizes approximately 600 reports of reading research identified between July 1, 1989 and June 30, 1990. The research studies in the book are categorized into six areas: (1) summaries of reading research; (2) teacher preparation and practice; (3) sociology of reading; (4) physiology and psychology of reading; (5) the teaching of…

A study compared remedial readers to more proficient readers in their meaning-making processes during the reading of literary text. Subjects, six children attending a university-based literacy center, read aloud two stories and verbalized their thoughts during reading. Judith Langer's four categories (or "stances") were used to compare…

Intended to provide current sources of information about college reading selected from the many citations of material in the ERIC database, this 22-item bibliography offers research about college reading, the reading process, and strategies of instruction. The bibliography also includes references to discussions of specific content area study…

To learn more about how people read literary texts, with a view to improving the way literature is taught in schools, a study examined the extent to which the reading of literature is affected by variations in readers, texts, and situations. Subjects, 12 skilled (faculty) readers and 96 novice (undergraduate) readers, read a short story, either in…