Although there is a large body of scholarship on historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs), their governance practices have been underresearched. What little research that is available on the topic points to campus climates that are "president-centric" and hierarchical structures that do not encourage faculty governance. However,…

This article considers and illustrates a strategy to study effects of school context on differential item functioning (DIF) in large-scale assessment. The approach employs a hierarchical generalized linear modeling framework to (a) detect DIF, and (b) identify school-level correlates of the between-group differences in item performance. To…

This study evaluated the effectiveness of pyramidal training with direct care staff in group homes. Training focused on teaching staff how to provide opportunities for communication to non-speaking children with developmental disabilities to communicate. Staff were taught through a combination of a workshop, and nondirective consultation following…

Democratic participation in education suggests that communities will be served best when decision-making is decentralized and when people--teachers, parents, and students alike--are encouraged to participate directly in making decisions that affect them. In contrast, the notion of administrative leadership implies hierarchical elevation of chief…

This paper attempts to develop a conceptual framework for describing the school as an organization. In the first chapter, after a review of organizational theory and research on the school, it is concluded that the school organization as a whole can be described in terms of bureaucracy and professionalism. In the second chapter, two basic…

During socialization, individuals begin to understand increasingly broader and more abstract units of personal and social reality. Subjects (N=97) ranging in age from 13 to late middle age completed a linguistic task in which they could impose higher order conceptions on lower order descriptions by identifying different level similarities within…

Demographic causes of organizational change are described, based on conference discussions on organizational processes in education. Consideration is given to the supply and demand of faculty members and their respective graduate students, the impact of this supply and demand on the tenure system, and implications of a slower growth on women and…

Team teaching offers the benefits of optimizing the distribution of scarce educational resources while moving toward the established goal of individualized instruction. Team teaching is organized horizontally when each member of the teaching team teaches in all subject areas for 1 year. The vertical form prevails when the teachers assume…

This research project attempted to (1) identify leader types from teacher descriptions of the leadership behaviors of elementary school principals and (2) study the effects of the leadership types on the organizational behavior of teachers. Teacher responses from 99 Iowa elementary schools revealed three basic principal leadership types. Using…

Examines differences between needs assessment (process of determining the gap between what is and what should be) and task analysis (definition and classification of tasks to improve job performance), and discusses the human productivity model NEBEAT (Needs Education and Training Model), which defines competency as synthesis of processes and…

Proposed a practical reinforcement hierarchy for classroom-based behavior modification programs. The seven-level hierarchy ranged from primitive consequences (Infantile Physical Contact and Food) through the more abstract consequences (Praise and Internal Self-Reinforcement). Suggestions were made for using the hierarchy in teacher consultation…

Proposes a method for the review of the administrative organization of libraries in which user function categories and specific basic library services are related to organizational structure. A structural inventory and mapping technique for determining the design characteristics of the organization is described. Two tables and two figures are…

Describes a study conducted to analyze the verbal interactions of children assigned to multiage classrooms. Subjects were children aged 3 to 11 years. (CM)

Examines issues involved in the separation of testing and diagnostic assessment in the area of mathematics education. Argues that the demands imposed by grading for certification purposes are irreconcilable with the requirements of diagnostic assessment thus leading to serious internal contradictions. Reviews the Graded Assessment in Mathematics…

Three levels of autonomy--strategic, administrative, and operational--fit together in a school system. Management strategies that foster teacher autonomy include professional development activities, mentorship, dual career ladder, and project management. (MLF)