Presents a model to clarify the facilitator's role in working with groups. The Hourglass Approach model incorporates Carkhuff's empathetic levels of communication and Schultz's theory of personality. It is designed to be a systematic and comprehensive method usable with a variety of counseling approaches in all types of groups. (JAC)

Large schools reflect the problems of society, while small schools foster peaceful interaction between individuals. (PBS)

Investigates the construct validity of the Hill Interaction Matrix--Form B, a 64-item instrument designed to assess preferred modes of interaction in group settings. A factor analysis was performed by using 134 subjects. Results indicate that the items and the conceptual format are appropriate. (Author)

An increase in the formation of growth-oriented groups has accompanied a rising interest in self-knowledge and consciousness-raising. The study described in this article suggests that the behaviors, perceptions, and emotional experiences of group members may vary with the sexual makeup of the group itself. (Author)

The study reported provides a critical examination of Fiedler's contingency model of leadership effectiveness; it focuses on the differential impact of low, intermediate, and high least preferred coworker leaders in good and poor group atmosphere schools using as the criterion of school effectiveness, Stern's High School Characteristics Index.…

One approach to increasing student involvement in the learning process is to divide the class into small groups such as the task group, discussion group, brainstorming group, tutorial group, explorer group, and discovery group. The structure of these groups and the role of the teacher in each are discussed. (EC)

Notes that one of the most significant characteristics of mutual aid groups is the fact that they are empowering and thus delineating. They enable members to feel and use their strengths, their own power, to have control over their own lives. (Author/AM)

Based on analysis of data on 432 decision-makers from around the world, this study examines the decision-making phenomenon that individuals tend to move toward riskier decisions after group discussion. Findings of the analysis contradicted earlier studies, showing a consistent shift toward greater risk avoidance. Available from Elsevier Scientific…

Available from: The Buckeye Association of School Administrators, 750 Brooksedge Blvd., Westerville, Ohio 43081; $8.00 annually.

Discusses how intra-tribal disputes affect Indian unity. (NQ)

The aim of this paper and guidelines is to provide a background and framework for considering the wide range of issues involved in the development and delivery of group-based parenting programs and support services. While the broad principles underpinning these guidelines apply to parent training/support groups in any setting, the focus is to…

The current study examined peer nominated non-aggressive rejected children on their levels of social reasoning, anxiety, goals and perceptions of self-efficacy, and communication styles when collaborating with another peer. Sociometric measures were used to identify 15 average and 10 non-aggressive rejected 5th and 6th grade children. Pre- and…

This research investigated the impact of school setting and size on the culture and climate of a school. Twenty-five schools and 1,163 teachers were involved in the study. There was a significant negative correlation between school size and the school's culture and climate. Other findings were that elementary schools had more positive climates…