A test bias definition, applicable at the item-level of a test is presented. The definition conceptually equates test bias with measuring different things in different groups, and operationally equates test bias with a difference in item fit to the Rasch Model, greater than one, between groups. It is suggested that the proposed definition avoids…

This paper examines the nature of complex organizations and describes a new conceptual framework for considering organizational effectiveness. Organizations are viewed as open systems with distinct but interdependent subsystems that must be more or less coordinated to ensure organizational survival and growth. Organizations are also seen as…

Article critically evaluated the concepts of development/ modernization regarding the differences among "developed,""developing," and "underdeveloped" countries. (Author/RK)

A communication medium is defined in this article as a discursive or a non-discursive language, and language is defined as a system of symbols, that can be transferred. (Author)

Discusses the confusion caused by a variety of definitions of competence and competency based programs, and offers a set of definitions of competence comprehensive enough to be applied to all steps of educational planning. (SF)

Focuses on communication problems caused by the vocabulary associated with evaluation in instructional development projects (i.e., the terms "formative" and "summative"). (Author/JEG)

The objective of this paper is to examine the fundamental definitions of "progressive education" and to clarify the problems in its practical application. (Author)

The article presents an overview of some of the issues, prospects, and problems related to providing transportation for handicapped persons. (DLS)

Discusses definitional disorientation in the field of curriculum. (Author/MLF)

Wide ranges of functional abilities existing among the disabled led to the development and application of a quantitative method of evaluating severity of functional impairment for rehabilitative purposes. (BP)

A French-English glossary of 205 terms referring to personnel in the hotel business. (AMH)

Six brief essays discuss English/French translation with regard to alcohol breath tests, magnetic tapes, nautical terminology, electrical terminology, and titles of hotel staff. (AM)

Investigates how the computer can facilitate learning for elementary and middle school students and what aspects of the curriculum can be handled effectively by computers. (Author/RK)

In reaction to the present uproar over textbook usage and content this research investigates what a textbook is, what it should and should not do, where it came from and why, and finally what its future will be. (Author/RK)