The study explored the impact of multimedia-enhanced STEAM activities on English as a foreign language (EFL) learners' development of oracy skills and willingness to communicate (WTC) in an online course. The sample included 42 EFL learners who were randomly split into two groups with 21 students in each. Before the study, both groups' listening…

Online learning environments are challenging for deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) individuals. A major concern is split attention, which occurs when one simultaneously attends to multiple stimuli, a situation that characterizes most multimedia presentations and instruction that combines sound, text, images, graphs or charts, and video. Needing to…

We present "doing language testing" sequences; L2 learners decide for themselves to test themselves or each other explicitly on new linguistic items, outside the official task cycle with no professional present, investing extra time and energy. We examine how and why pairs of learners do this, and its impact on their learning. They use…

This article unpacks existing laws and disciplinary policies like "zero tolerance" and "disturbing schools" that criminalize youth behaviors in public schools and explores their roots in U.S. racialized histories using a critical carceral studies framework. Carceral studies scholars critique the punitive capitalist apparatus…

Visual displays are very frequently used in learning materials. Although visual displays have great potential to foster learning, they also pose substantial demands on learners so that the actual learning outcomes are often disappointing. In this article, we pursue three main goals. First, we identify the main difficulties that learners have when…

Two experimental studies were carried out to investigate whether adding multimedia features in a concept mapping task would improve the quality of the map built by students and promote more effective learning with expository hypertexts. Ninety-Nine undergraduates built a concept map to learn about a topic (water cycle or nitrogen cycle) either…

According to the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (Mayer, 2009) learning with multimedia requires the integration of verbal and visual information (e.g., printed text and static images, narrated animation). Studies exploring the effects of dynamic versus static presentations yield mixed results. Few studies explore comparing dynamic versus…

This study investigates the change blindness that may occur in multimedia learning environments. For this purpose, a multimedia animation which had some changes was designed. The eye movements were examined during the process of detecting the changes in multimedia via eye tracking technics. The research model was defined as a controlled experiment…

Practicing retrieval of vocabulary items from memory (e.g., with flashcard software or practice tests) is an effective study strategy to remember vocabulary over time. Retrieval practice is often implemented in digital learning environments that increasingly include multimedia (i.e., combining textual and pictorial information). However, it is…

Unlike the other studies on emotional design in multimedia learning, the present study differentiated the two confounding variables of visual interface design and structured content to manipulate the instructional material. Specifically, we investigated how the visual aesthetics of positive emotional interface design influenced learners' cognitive…

Today, the digitalization of education is one of the main tasks of the state social policy and an urgent sphere of life in modern society. At the beginning of 2020, the spread of COVID-19 forced educational institutions to introduce urgently all levels of distance learning technologies focused on the possibility to learn remotely and in real-time.…

As intelligent systems demand for human-automation interaction increases, the need for learners' cognitive traits adaptation in adaptive educational hypermedia systems (AEHS) has dramatically increased. AEHS utilize learners' cognitive processes to attain fair human-automation interaction for their adaptive processes. However, obtaining accurate…

An increased focus on science instruction and science learning for students with special education needs has been growing over the past decade. Research studies, particularly meta-analyses focused on science for students with disabilities, show investigators are interested in what science strategies and approaches (e.g., graphic organizers,…

Representations have been widely applied to teaching and learning in Western classrooms and recently in several Asian countries. More and more Asian schools are calling for the application of this approach in teaching science. However, little has been known about how the construction of representations could enable teachers to make changes in…

This study investigated the involvement of the Social Agency Theory within a multimedia learning environment to improve English language proficiency. The primary aim of this study is to find the effects of designing language learning instructional videos following the embodiment principle on language learners' motivation, cognitive load and…