Examines the unique, combined, and interactive contribution of existential variables and traditional measures as predictors of depression in institutionalized and community-residing older adults. Results show that choice-responsibleness, social resources, and physical health predicted depression in community elderly; personal meaning, optimism,…

The comparative validity of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) scores for 123 African American and 561 Caucasian clients from a community mental health center was studied by contrasting mean MMPI-2 scores and correlations between these scores and therapists' ratings. Correlations were not significantly different for racial…

The interrelationship between personality and intelligence was investigated in several studies using data from a survey of 210 Scottish farmers. Evidence was found for increased differentiation of neuroticism and openness at higher levels of ability. There was no support for the hypothesis that intelligence affects the correlation between…

Examined the relationship between depressive feelings and cigarette smoking in Mexican-American adolescents who participated in the 1993 Teenage Attitudes and Practices Survey II. Results suggest a relationship between certain feelings of depression and smoking, beyond that experienced by nonsmokers, which may be more evident in females.…

Implications of the relationships among mathematics and reading achievement tests scores uncovered by testing 366 elementary school students with academic difficulties are discussed. Tests are the: (1) KeyMath-Revised (J. Connolly, 1988); (2) Peabody Individual Achievement Test-Revised (F. Markwardt, 1989); (3) Wechsler Individual Achievement Test…

Comparison of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)-Revised and WISC III IQs for 64 students with specific learning disabilities and 55 students with mental retardation (MR) found that correlations were lower than those reported in the WISC-III manual. Only Performance IQs for students with MR matched the correlations reported in the…

Previous studies have suggested that correlations between reaction time (RT) and intelligence (IQ) may have resulted from confounding interactions between stimulus uncertainty and visual angle. Three experiments that were designed to remove the confound were carried out with 118 college students. These experiments indicate that previously reported…

A strategy is proposed for conceptualizing moderating relationships based on their type (strictly correlational and classically correlational) and form, whether continuous, noncontinuous, logistic, or quantum. Results of computer simulations comparing three statistical approaches for assessing moderator variables are presented, and advantages of…

Presents findings from an exploratory, empirical investigation of perceptions of Internet catalog shopping compared to more traditional print catalog shopping. Two factors that might influence perceptions, personality, and important other people are examined, and directions for further research are suggested. (Author/LRW)

Provides an overview of standard and modified normal theory and asymptotically distribution-free covariance and correlation structure analysis techniques and details Monte Carlo simulation results on Type I and Type II error control. Demonstrates through the simulation that robustness and nonrobustness of structure analysis techniques vary as a…

Studied the unique contribution of motivation to academic achievement after controlling for the predictive power of cognitive abilities. Results for more than 200 female high school students and their parents and teachers show that IQ and motivation are not correlated, that parents' and ratings were not closely related to the children's own…

Used steady-state probe topography to investigate the cortical activity of 12 average and 12 high IQ Australian college students during a spatial working memory task. Results, in terms of changes in visual evoked potentials, suggest that the areas of the brain involved in working memory are influenced by individual differences in intelligence.…

Compares the characteristics of the life prospects of young men and women in Russia and the Ukraine with their attitudes toward societal reforms. Based on materials from a 1995 survey conducted in Orel (Russia), Moscow (Russia), Mtsensk (Russia), and Kiev (Ukraine). (CMK)

We used an encoder version of cascade correlation to simulate Younger and Cohen's (1983, 1986) finding that 10-month-olds recover attention on the basis of correlations among stimulus features, but 4- and 7-month-olds recover attention on the basis of stimulus features. We captured these effects by varying the score threshold parameter in cascade…

This study examined relationships between symptoms of anxiety, aggression, and depression, on the one hand, and threat perception distortions, on the other hand. A large sample of typically developing children aged 8-12 years (N = 157) were interviewed with an instrument for assessing the main types of childhood psychopathology, and were then…