Approaches to organizational development based on the human relations side of organizations have been emphasized so heavily that more fundamental and potentially more durable structural approaches have been neglected. This discussion, by reporting the structural perspective of Stanford's Environment for Teaching Program seeks such a remedy.…

Article defined the meaning of special education and the problems in providing programs in special education that are taught by qualified personnel. (RK)

The fundamental responsibilities of the principalship are undergoing significant new demands in the '70s - demands challenging the principal to be a planner of futures, an allocator of resources, a stimulator of improvement, a coordinator of concerted effort, and an evaluator of process and product. (Editor)

Discussing the evolving conception of literacy, this digest provides a current review of material in the ERIC database on the multiplicities of literacies. The digest includes sections on the broadening scope of literacy, acquisition of literacies, defining literacy, and expanding the domain of literacy. (RS)

Shortcomings of the "Seriously Emotionally Disturbed" (S.E.D.) criteria set forth in Public Law 94-142 are discussed and the possibility of integrating other classification methods, specifically those in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM III), is raised and critiqued. Findings of a study…

The author defines learning disabilities (LD); notes controversies and confusion over the meaning of LD and associated terms (such as perceptual handicaps) from P.L. 94-142, the Education For All Handicapped Children Act; and suggests an approach to explain LD to students and parents in clear and nonthreatening language. A filmstrip,…

It has been found that the sexes differ as to social/affective versus instrumental/competence orientation, with females oriented more towards the social domain and males oriented more towards the instrumental domain. Because it has been suggested that the sexes also differ as to the source of self-esteem, with males deriving esteem from task…

The coping style model--a behaviorally oriented, cognitive approach for psychologists, counselors, and teachers to use with behaviorally disordered individuals--is described. Coping style is seen as a learned behavior based on two factors--an individual's perception of problem source and of behavioral sequences. A cube model is used to illustrate…

The author traces autism from recognition of the disability by E. Bleuler in 1906 to the present, noting changes, similarities, and differences in the copious amont of research. After a poem by Neil Diamond and a glossary of terms, the author describes the views on autism held by E. Bleuler, L. Kanner, L. Bender, M. Mahler, F. Kallmann, B.…

The paper reviews the history of gifted education in the United States since the late 1800's, with particular emphasis on reading and reading instruction. Definitional issues are examined, and the impact of social forces upon the changing conceptions of the population is analyzed. The history of gifted services begins with the writings of F.…

Increasingly the poor have been receiving federal assistance through goods and services rather than cash. These goods and services have not been counted when measuring the income and poverty of the recipients. This report examines three proposals to change the manner in which poverty is measured. All include ways to calculate the value of noncash…

This fact sheet on state laws governing the independent practice and reimbursement of services for clinical social workers contains information from questionnaires sent to the state agencies responsible for health insurance regulations and Medicaid and licensing activities. Information on Ohio, the only state which did not respond, is not…

Theories of the acquisition of word meaning among children are reviewed and a case study of one child is reported. Three models of how the young child associates words with underlying concepts and conventional meanings are noted. While one model proposes that children initially overextend word meanings, the other two models propose that new words…

Described organization development as an intervention theory and method or a technology for changing the educational system. (Author/RK)