An individual's participation in school can be analyzed on four levels--the individual, the team, interteam coordination, and management of the school's interaction with the environment. These levels represent different intensities of participation and degrees of complexity in an individual's commitment. This paper explores each level and…

Examines negotiation of children's construction of autonomy and the personal domain within the context of parent-child and teacher-child interaction. Provides a model for examining the emergence of autonomy out of adult-child negotiation. Describes several studies documenting how adults negotiate with children over personal issues about which a…

Used pictorial stimuli to test for revelation effect with 4- and 8-year-olds and adults. Found reliable revelation effect at all ages, indicating the complex fluency-of-processing discrepancy detection and attribution mechanisms thought to be responsible for the effect function similarly from 4 years through adulthood. Found recognition decisions…

The "algorithmic" model of outdoor experiential learning is based in military tradition and characterized by questionable scientific rationale, production line metaphor, and the notion of learning as marketable commodity. Alternatives are the moral paradigm; the ecological paradigm "friluftsliv"; and the emerging…

Outdoor educators clearly feel that the outdoors is a powerful tool for spiritual development. Although outdoor educators are not homogeneous in their understanding of spirituality, there does seem to be a significant amount of common ground, dubbed the "neighborhood of outdoor-spiritual proximity." Views of this neighborhood and aspects…

Examined digit and word dichotic listening in children in kindergarten and again one year later. Found that in the second digit test, between-ears performance difference decreased; overall performance increased. Between-ear differences across the two word tests were not significant, but overall performance improved over time. Age changes in the…

Twenty-one children with moderate to severe developmental disabilities attending two special education schools in Israel participated in group bar/bat mitzvah ceremonies. Children were observed during the six-month learning process and the ceremonies. Parents and school staff were also interviewed. The study found the children could both express…

A study exploring how women interpret adventure interviewed 42 women aged 30-86 from 6 countries who had participated in adventure recreation. Adventure for these women incorporated risk and physical challenge, but also a sense of newness, learning, personal development, and creativity. Implications for the adventure industry are discussed.…

Discusses the conceptual foundations of intergenerational programming. Identifies theories focused on (1) individuals and groups in interactive contexts and (2) individual development. Notes that few program evaluation reports have a conceptual or theoretical basis. (Contains 63 references.) (SK)

The transcript of an interview with Nancy Robinson, an expert on gifted education, children at risk, and violent youth, examines her movement from the field of mental retardation to gifted education, similarities and differences of these two fields, longitudinal studies of young gifted children, her personal development, gifted women, and her…

Recounts 3 experiments providing evidence against 2 interpretations of previous research findings that explicit memory develops substantially from 3 years of age to adulthood while implicit memory remains stable. Argues that the implicit-explicit memory developmental dissociation reflects differences in strategic processing (strategy use and…

Discusses various ways in which context may be interpreted to enhance learning and performance; illustrates domains of learning using a hockey team as an example; and suggests implications for learning, performance, and instructional design. Highlights include an ecological systems model; and examples of individual development, team learning, and…

Explains executive coaching, which is traditionally focused on individual executives, and how it can help align individual development with an organization's strategic goals. Describes a counseling model of identifying an individual's goals, challenges, and development needs and then helping him or her gain insight on how to address these needs.…

The crisis of modernity increases the tension between individual and societal development. Brookfield's critical thinking model of adult education tries to reduce societal dimensions into personal growth. Jarvis' adult learning model reduces personal development to adaptation to societal demands. Adult education needs new models to reconcile the…

Views disability as opportunity for reframing physical and emotional difficulties. Explores strategies for facilitating personal healing and empowerment, including self-forgiveness and positive self-talk. (Authors/CM)