To help high school students understand their political world, particularly in an election year, the article describes a teaching approach based on a comparison of political terminology to the transmission shift on an automobile. (DB)

Rotter's social learning theory is applied to the learned helplessness paradigm, and is used to analyze (1) expectancy change processes occurring during helplessness training and (2) the generalization of those changes to other situations. Literature on individual and situational differences is also reviewed. (Author/SS)

A nationwide study identified a pattern of political socialization for home economists who were politically active. The most outstanding feature of the politically active subjects was their perception that political activity is a professional role. (SK)

A critique of existing conceptions of citizenship education is presented. The major conceptual areas that must be clarified are discussed in order to provide the foundation for a reconstructed theory of citizenship education. (Author/MLF)

Society must create--in connection with schools or apart from them--new ways to help young people learn about "becoming adult." (Author)

Theories of legal socialization can be classified as either content or process models. The present paper suggests that the latter suffer from two major misconceptions: a lack of interest in the behavioral consequences of legal judgments, and the assumption that judgments are the causes of action. (MS)

The argument most often noted from the Panel on Youth Report is that essential to the transition-to-adulthood period is a youth's participation in work and other nonschool contexts. This article summarizes the criticisms of the suggestion that this youth participation should be fostered institutionally. (Author/RC)

The project evaluates an instructional sequence based on an application of Gagne's model of cumulative learning to a particular social science concept. Gagne's model is described briefly before the evaluation design is outlined. (Author/RC)

Examines two conceptualizations of guilt and tests the hypothesis that high guilt women would experience more affective guilt following their exposure to sexual stimuli, while both low and high guilt women would experience more anxiety in a nonanonymous condition, e.g., in the presence of an experimenter. (Author/RK)

Transfer for socialization is hypothesized to socialize managers and create international, verbal information networks. (Author/IRT)

VisionQuest National Ltd. is a residential treatment program for troubled youth based on Native American philosophy. Its basic education model includes high expectations for all students, 90% of whom pass all subjects, with substantial gains in reading achievement. (SK)

Asserting that playfulness is an important part of learning to work with others, as well as for attaining traits such as flexible thinking, persistence, commitment, and a love of and fascination with learning, this article presents a review of playfulness development, focusing on children age three to five, and describes 12 teaching-learning…

Review of school-to-work transition theories indicated the following: (1) theories previously based on socialization and structuralism now include individual choice and subjectivity; (2) individualization and postmodernism are increasingly important; and (3) the interface between individual agency, choice, and subjectivity needs further…

Investigated gender role socialization as a function of parenting experience in a toy play situation and as a function of adults' perceptions of gender-stereotyped toys. Children played individually with their parent, another child's parent, and a nonparent. Overall, adults acted in similar ways regardless of their parenting experiences. Gender…