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Peer reviewed
Direct linkJohnson, Wendy; Jung, Rex E.; Colom, Roberto; Haier, Richard J. – Intelligence, 2008
There is increasing evidence relating psychometric measures of general intelligence and reasoning to regional brain structure and function assessed with a variety of neuroimaging techniques. Cognitive dimensions independent of general intelligence can also be identified psychometrically and studied for any neuroanatomical correlates. Here we…
Descriptors: Intelligence Quotient, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Neurological Organization, Individual Differences
Libbey, Jane E.; Coon, Hilary H.; Kirkman, Nikki J.; Sweeten, Thayne L.; Miller, Judith N.; Stevenson, Edward K.; Lainhart, Janet E.; McMahon, William M.; Fujinami, Robert S. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2008
Autoantibodies to central nervous system antigens, such as myelin basic protein (MBP), may play a role in autism. We measured autoantibody titers to MBP in children with autism, both classic onset and regressive onset forms, controls (healthy age- and gender-matched) and individuals with Tourette syndrome via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. We…
Descriptors: Play, Autism, Anatomy, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Coolican, Jamesie; Eskes, Gail A.; McMullen, Patricia A.; Lecky, Erin – Brain and Cognition, 2008
Normal observers demonstrate a bias to process the left sides of faces during perceptual judgments about identity or emotion. This effect suggests a right cerebral hemisphere processing bias. To test the role of the right hemisphere and the involvement of configural processing underlying this effect, young and older control observers and patients…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Patients, Cognitive Processes, Psychological Evaluation
Talsma, Durk; Kok, Albert; Slagter, Heleen A.; Cipriani, Giuseppe – Brain and Cognition, 2008
This event-related potential study investigated (i) to what extent incongruence between attention-directing cue and cued target modality affects attentional control processes that bias the system in advance to favor a particular stimulus modality and (ii) to what extent top-down attentional control mechanisms are generalized for the type of…
Descriptors: Cues, Attention Control, Attention, Visual Stimuli
Correlates of Intellectual Ability with Morphology of the Hippocampus and Amygdala in Healthy Adults
Amat, Jose A.; Bansal, Ravi; Whiteman, Ronald; Haggerty, Rita; Royal, Jason; Peterson, Bradley S. – Brain and Cognition, 2008
Several prior imaging studies of healthy adults have correlated volumes of the hippocampus and amygdala with measures of general intelligence (IQ), with variable results. In this study, we assessed correlations between volumes of the hippocampus and amygdala and full-scale IQ scores (FSIQ) using a method of image analysis that permits detailed…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Intelligence Tests, Intelligence Quotient, Neurology
Severity of Dysfluency Correlates with Basal Ganglia Activity in Persistent Developmental Stuttering
Giraud, Anne-Lise; Neumann, Katrin; Bachoud-Levi, Anne-Catherine; von Gudenberg, Alexander W.; Euler, Harald A.; Lanfermann, Heinrich; Preibisch, Christine – Brain and Language, 2008
Previous studies suggest that anatomical anomalies [Foundas, A. L., Bollich, A. M., Corey, D. M., Hurley, M., & Heilman, K. M. (2001). "Anomalous anatomy of speech-language areas in adults with persistent developmental stuttering." "Neurology," 57, 207-215; Foundas, A. L., Corey, D. M., Angeles, V., Bollich, A. M., Crabtree-Hartman, E., & Heilman,…
Descriptors: Speech, Stuttering, Communication Disorders, Neurological Organization
Calderon-Garciduenas, Lilian; Mora-Tiscareno, Antonieta; Ontiveros, Esperanza; Gomez-Garza, Gilberto; Barragan-Mejia, Gerardo; Broadway, James; Chapman, Susan; Valencia-Salazar, Gildardo; Jewells, Valerie; Maronpot, Robert R.; Henriquez-Roldan, Carlos; Perez-Guille, Beatriz; Torres-Jardon, Ricardo; Herrit, Lou; Brooks, Diane; Osnaya-Brizuela, Norma; Monroy, Maria E.; Gonzalez-Maciel, Angelica; Reynoso-Robles, Rafael; Villarreal-Calderon, Rafael; Solt, Anna C.; Engle, Randall W. – Brain and Cognition, 2008
Exposure to air pollution is associated with neuroinflammation in healthy children and dogs in Mexico City. Comparative studies were carried out in healthy children and young dogs similarly exposed to ambient pollution in Mexico City. Children from Mexico City (n:55) and a low polluted city (n:18) underwent psychometric testing and brain magnetic…
Descriptors: Pollution, Mexicans, Brain, Neurological Impairments
Sui, Li; Wang, Jing; Li, Bao-Ming – Learning & Memory, 2008
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and its downstream targets, including Akt (also known as protein kinase B, PKB), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), the 70-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6k), and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), may play important roles in long-term synaptic plasticity and memory in many…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Stimulation, Recognition (Psychology), Fear
Ota, Kristie T.; Pierre, Vicki J.; Ploski, Jonathan E.; Queen, Kaila; Schafe, Glenn E. – Learning & Memory, 2008
Recent studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO) signaling plays a crucial role in memory consolidation of Pavlovian fear conditioning and in synaptic plasticity in the lateral amygdala (LA). In the present experiments, we examined the role of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), a downstream effector of NO, in fear memory consolidation and…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Memory, Fear, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Carota, Francesca; Sirigu, Angela – Language Learning, 2008
Real-time estimation of what we will do next is a crucial prerequisite of purposive behavior. During the planning of goal-oriented actions, for instance, the temporal and causal organization of upcoming subsequent moves needs to be predicted based on our knowledge of events. A forward computation of sequential structure is also essential for…
Descriptors: Language Patterns, Brain, Language Processing, Time Perspective
McDowell, Jennifer E.; Dyckman, Kara A.; Austin, Benjamin P.; Clementz, Brett A. – Brain and Cognition, 2008
This review provides a summary of the contributions made by human functional neuroimaging studies to the understanding of neural correlates of saccadic control. The generation of simple visually guided saccades (redirections of gaze to a visual stimulus or pro-saccades) and more complex volitional saccades require similar basic neural circuitry…
Descriptors: Structural Equation Models, Short Term Memory, Brain, Cognitive Processes
Pandey, Ghanshyam N.; Rizavi, Hooriyah S.; Dwivedi, Yogesh; Pavuluri, Mani N. – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2008
The study determines the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the lymphocytes of subjects with pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) before and during treatment with mood stabilizers and in drug-free normal control subjects. Results indicate the potential of BDNF levels as a biomarker for PBD and as a treatment predictor and…
Descriptors: Pediatrics, Genetics, Brain, Mental Disorders
Download full textTasky, Kim K.; Rudrud, Eric H.; Schulze, Kimberly A.; Rapp, John T. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2008
An ABA'B design was used to evaluate the effects of choice on task engagement for 3 adults who had been diagnosed with traumatic brain injury. A yoked-control condition, in which tasks that were selected by each participant were assigned subsequently to that participant by a trainer, was implemented to help distinguish between the effects of task…
Descriptors: Neurological Impairments, Injuries, Brain, Time on Task
Paulmann, Silke; Kotz, Sonja A. – Brain and Language, 2008
Previous evidence supports differential event-related brain potential (ERP) responses for emotional prosodic processing and integrative emotional prosodic/semantic processing. While latter process elicits a negativity similar to the well-known N400 component, transitions in emotional prosodic processing elicit a positivity. To further substantiate…
Descriptors: Sentences, Diagnostic Tests, Semantics, Affective Behavior
Galeotti, Nicoletta; Quattrone, Alessandro; Vivoli, Elisa; Norcini, Monica; Bartolini, Alessandro; Ghelardini, Carla – Learning & Memory, 2008
The administration of the ryanodine receptor (RyR) agonist 4-Cmc (0.003-9 nmol per mouse intracerebroventricularly [i.c.v.]) ameliorated memory functions, whereas the RyR antagonist ryanodine (0.0001-1 nmol per mouse i.c.v.) induced amnesia in the mouse passive avoidance test. The role of the type 1, 2, and 3 RyR isoforms in memory processes was…
Descriptors: Memory, Animals, Drug Therapy, Biochemistry
