Life review interviews with 54 midlife and older women discussed their volunteer activities. In general, highly public activities were associated with formal volunteering and low-agency/private activities with informal volunteering. Even formal activities with limited public exposure helped network people who would otherwise not have made contact.…

Describes how peekaboo games were used with a toddler at home and in a parent-toddler play group setting to support the toddler's developmental need for autonomy, to help her gain control over separation from her mother, assist the play group leader to build a relationship with the toddler, and thereby enable the toddler to make the transition…

The effects of choosing academic assignments on the undesirable behaviors manifested by a second-grade student with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were analyzed. The student was in a general education classroom. A reversal design showed that undesirable behaviors decreased when the student was given a choice of academic assignments.…

Explores the topics of power and authority, teaching style and method, intention, and the personhood of participants. Concludes that, if power is misused or the teaching-learning relationship is inauthentic, then teaching can symbolically violate the autonomy of the individual. (SK)

Data from employees in two Native American organizations (n=151, 77 Native Americans) were subjected to structural equation modeling. Employees' sense of community and control at work mediates the relationship among four factors (ethnicity, family-sensitive supervision, intrinsic value of work, flexibility) and work-family conflict. Results for…

Investigates the relationship of the affective and fostering of autonomy components of maternal and paternal attachment with indices of instrumental and social/relational competence among high school students. Students rated fathers higher than mothers on fostering of autonomy. Boys rated themselves higher than girls on several indices of…

U.S. employers' use of numerical and functional flexibility has created a division between organizational insiders (core) and outsiders (periphery). The latter have nonstandard work arrangements, the consequences of which differ depending on workers' degree of control over skills, autonomy, and transferability. (Contains 39 references.)

The study measured employee independence in 146 individuals with mental retardation in supported work settings. Results indicated little change in the amount of direct training over time. Significant differences were found for the ratio of hours of direct training to hours worked for level of disability and type of supported employment.…

Examined extent to which client's choices are incorporated in care decisions within prepaid, community-based long-term care program. Decision criteria used by program's case management team regarding client autonomy included indicators of risk to client stability and of limits on organizational resource capacity. (Author/NB)

Encouraging learning-disabled adolescents to find their own successful style of learning requires: (1) breaking down preconceptions about education; (2) breaking down preconceptions about self; and (3) reinforcing such principles as individual responsibility for choices. (DB)

Considers critical thinking in terms of its political and civic functions and the educational conditions that facilitate its development, use, and growth. Argues that the authoritarian and bureaucratic nature of schools exerts a significant and restrictive influence on the thinking of the young. (DMM)

Ten years after the emergence of the communicative approach, recent challenges are charging that consensus on the term "communicative approach" is elusive, that the approach does not make the most of current understanding about psycholinguistics, and that the issue of autonomous language learning is not fully resolved. (MSE)

Findings highlight the importance of development-related control efforts and beliefs for achieving a subjectively favorable balance of developmental gains and losses and for maintaining an optimistic perspective in middle and later adulthood. Results are discussed with reference to a theoretical model of development-related control activities. (RH)

College teaching practices and organizational behaviors affecting them are examined according to key principles identified in a popular book on management, "In Search of Excellence." It is proposed that higher education institutions are not very different from corporations and can benefit from their experience. (MSE)

Examined rates of cognitive and psychosocial development and the influences of salient life experiences of traditional-aged college students. Results from 15 college students over one academic year suggest that intellectual and psychosocial developmental processes are not uniform, occur at discrepant rates, and are significantly affected by life…