This paper describes the selection process of 17 articles for inclusion in the book, "Classic Writings on Instructional Technology." The book brings together original "classic" educational technology articles into one volume to document the history of the field through its literature. It is also an attempt to make available…

Little academic research has examined what public relations actually does for an organization. A study explored definitions of effectiveness in public relations and the value of effective communication. Interviews with 32 practitioners and 10 organization heads revealed numerous definitions of effectiveness, most having to do with achieving…

The development of a "global village" strongly demands the ability of intercultural sensitivity between people for survival in the 21st century. Due to current lack of study on the subject, this paper aims to: (1) provide a conceptualization of intercultural sensitivity; (2) specify the role intercultural sensitivity plays in…

When one wants to set data reliability standards for a class of scientific inquiries or when one needs to compare and select among many different kinds of data with reliabilities that are crucial to a particular research undertaking, then one needs a single reliability coefficient that is adaptable to all or most situations. Work toward this goal…

This essay examines the nature of scholarship in today's higher education institutions and seeks to develop an inclusive and constructive definition. The paper argues that because modern academe has adopted a destructively narrow and often obscure definition of scholarship, we lack the clear approach necessary for curricular balance and…

Basic information about the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 is presented in a question-and-answer format. The following questions are addressed: "What is the purpose of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)?"; "Why is the ADA needed?"; "How is disability defined by the ADA?"; "What does the ADA…

This book contains background information and extensive appendices to be used for the purpose of enrolling in an Indian tribe. Chapter 1, "Why Enroll in an Indian Tribe?" explains that enrollment in a tribe often determines eligibility of American Indians for certain government programs (including educational programs). Chapter 2, "Who is an…

Taking a global perspective, this yearbook presents an overview and analysis of key issues and trends in the field of international literacy. The book integrates a psychological and cultural approach to advance a new method of analyzing literacy concepts designed to set up linkages between childhood literacy and adult literacy, between literacy…

This study examined correlations between temperament and demanding behavior in toddlers. Subjects were eight mothers and their children from 18 to 27 months of age. Mothers were interviewed in their homes and completed the Toddler Temperament Scale and the Parenting Stress Index. Mother-child interactions were videotaped for the duration of the…

This working paper examines the meaning of leadership within the context of early childhood education, including the nuances of meaning clinging to the concept from other contexts. The paper begins with a discussion of the denotation of leadership as indicated in the "American Heritage Dictionary": (1) the position or office of a leader; (2)…

This fact sheet on autism is offered in both English and Spanish, and is the same in both languages although numbered differently. It provides a definition, information on incidence, typical characteristics, and educational implications. It notes that autism is listed as a separate category under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.…

In Senate Joint Resolution No. 117, Virginia's General Assembly endorsed the process for restructuring education in the middle school grades and requested that the Board of Education determine the appropriateness of designating the middle school as a separate level in the educational structure. The study summarized in this report first considered…

This fact sheet providing general information about learning disabilities is presented in both English and Spanish versions. It begins with the federal definition of learning disabilities and a discussion of its implications followed by estimates of incidence. Typical characteristics of students with learning disabilities are then summarized as…

This paper describes the organization and characteristics of Tache Papahagi's "Dictionarul dialectului aroman, general si etimologic" (DAA), a bilingual Aromanian (Vlach)-Romanian dictionary published in 1974. It also describes an ongoing project to produce an English-Aromanian dictionary based on the DAA, which should serve as a…

This digest reports on findings from recent literacy surveys and interprets these findings in light of theoretical and definitional issues involved in estimating literacy; examines approaches commonly use to measure literacy and enumerates concerns about the limitations of these approaches in linguistically diverse contexts; and concludes with a…