Several measurement theorists have convincingly argued that methods of writing test questions, particularly for criterion-referenced tests, should be based on operationally defined rules. This study was designed to examine and further refine a method for objectively generating multiple-choice questions for prose instructional materials. Important…

A two-part communication model for teaching elementary mathematics is proposed. Part I delineates symbols commonly used in teaching arithmetic. Parts of mathematical language (mathematical objects, relations, operations, expressions, and sentences) are compared to analogous parts of the English language. Part 2 is a conceptualization of strategies…

With the growing interest in oral history, this booklet provides guidelines for the development of oral history projects at the secondary level. There are various options for establishing oral history in the school program including an elective semester course, an independent study project, a minicourse, a cocurricular history club project, or an…

From the Religion in Elementary Social Studies Project (RESS), this first-grade unit is the first of six classroom material packages containing teacher's guides and student learning activities. Designed to infuse religion study into the elementary social studies curriculum, the content of the RESS modules is multidisciplinary. The basic strategy…

From the Religion in Elementary Social Studies Project (RESS), this second-grade unit is the second of six classroom material packages containing teacher's guides and student learning activities. Designed to infuse religion study into the elementary social studies curriculum the content of the RESS modules is multidisciplinary. The basic strategy…

The second kit of the Religion in Elementary Social Studies (RESS) project is to be used only after examining and understanding the first kit described in SO 008 696. The second kit is concerned with the organization of instruction concerning religion and teacher performance. Insights from learning theorists are offered which can contribute to…

The effects of the protocol film series, Concepts and Patterns in Teacher-Pupil Interaction, were measured by a film-based test after the test had undergone validation. The test, Categorizing Teacher Behavior, evidenced a high level of reliability and validity in a graduate level course in educational psychology. The test was judged valid by a…

Subjective culture is a human group's characteristic way of perceiving the man-made part of its environment. It includes the group's model attitudes, norms, values, and roles. The study of subjective culture is likely to make a contribution to our understanding of the way various groups in any culture interact with members of other groups. The…

Preferences for 92 values, obtained from a survey of cross-cultural studies of values, were obtained from two separate and geographically distant sets of groups consisting of black and white males and females of lower- and middle-Class status. The middle-class black population was of insufficient size to include, however. Value preferences were…

A pilot research study searched for appropriate methods to evaluate instructional television (ITV). The specific objectives were to find ways to measure: 1) the degree to which the media presentation's objectives were being met, and 2) the appeal of the show, as judged by viewers' attention. Five intermediate grade level educable mentally retarded…

This book on inquiry in elementary classrooms has four major parts. Part I, Social Study, explores the intellectual space within which social study can take place; what content is characteristically social content; and, what thought behavior is typical of study. Special attention is given to skills of inquiry relevant to studying social events and…

This resource guide for vocational development curriculums in the elementary grades provides subject content, concepts, teaching techniques, related concepts, and resources for occupational activities, focusing mainly on social studies. The program works from the principle that all young people will be entering the world of work; therefore all…

A study to investigate the significance of teacher decisions concerning the social and physical dimensions of the Open Classroom was conducted. Preliminary observation reviewed teacher goals and decisions for the Open Classroom. This research is based upon Hall's theory of culture reflecting the communication model. There are five basic structural…

This report presents the results of two field-based experimental studies to determine the effects of questioning techniques on student achievement and attitudes. The first study was done to determine what student learning outcomes are affected by teachers' use of probing and redirection techniques in classroom discussions. Another purpose of the…

Suggestions are offered to help K-12 teachers integrate anthropological approaches and content into the world history curriculum. The paper contains nine inquiry lessons which ask students to explore how the various societies have dealt with kinship, decision making, distribution of resources, transmission of values, and other cultural universals.…