Describes an experimental framework and field experiment that investigated the combined effects of information display formats, task characteristics, and cognitive style on the interpretation accuracy, user preference for display formats, and learning of experienced engineering project managers engaged in decision making activities. The findings…

The personal and environmental factors related to undergraduate and post-RN nursing students' attitudes toward theory-based nursing from Kolb's experiential learning theory perspective were investigated. Learning style and environmental press perceptions were found to be related to attitudes toward theory-based nursing. (Author/MLW)

Discusses 12 basic, instructionally relevant learning principles concerned with students' differing needs and capacities, motivated and rewarded learning behaviors, teacher expectations, student learning preferences, and the value of challenging learning opportunities. One way to increase the amount of available teaching time is to teach by…

A literature review describes several dimensions of cognitive styles in an effort to illustrate individual stylistic differences. Discusses the field dependence-independence dimension, taking into account age, sex, and cultural differences. Suggests that cognitive style theory needs to be structured in a broader theoretical framework. (NH)

Reviews literature on student-environment interactions in classroom settings, with particular reference to cognitive styles. Discusses identical matching style of teachers and students, performance matching style, and field dependent or field independent cognitive styles of teachers and students. (NH)

Combines meta-analysis and process analysis to clarify the nature and magnitude of gender differences in cognitive, psychosocial, and physical tasks and their implications for mathematics and science careers. Findings indicate that learning and working environments should be redesigned to promote gender equality. (FMW)

A study of third- and fourth-grade students found no significant differences between underachieving and normally achieving children for the measures of cognitive-impulsivity, selective attention, and sustained attention. However, significant differentiation was provided by teacher ratings indicating poorer classroom behavior, lack of attention,…

Explained are differences in communication, perception, arousal, and motivation for both teaching and learning styles. Experiential education is distinguished from experiential learning, and salient educational strategies are integrated into the educational cycle. (Author/CW)

A structured system of visual features is seen to parallel the propositional hierarchy of operations usually associated with the parsing of algebraic expressions. Women more than men were found to depend on these visual cues. Possible causes and consequences are discussed. Subjects were secondary and college students. (Author/DC)

Approximately half of a group of 12-year-old students were taught fraction and ratio topics by a concrete process-oriented method. The others were taught in the regular way. The concrete, process-oriented approach resulted in significantly improved achievement in, and attitude toward, fractions and ratios. (Author/DC)

The knowledge base of education must be related to the mission of the schools. In order to develop such a knowledge base a shift in emphasis to cognitive processes utilized by students is required. Implications of such a shift on school organization, teaching strategies, and teacher education curricula are discussed. (IAH)

Discusses social and cognitive influences on understanding and solving word problems. Descriptions of studies with elementary school, secondary school, and college students highlight subject matter-related attitudes; the fact that students can solve problems without understanding them; and contextual expectations, including the issue of authority.…

Examined college students' motivational orientations toward learning and views concerning purpose of education in relation to various intellectual styles. Task orientation was positively associated with Tolerance for Ambiguity, Thoughtfulness, and Open-Mindedness. Ego orientation was negatively associated with Tolerance for Ambiguity,…

The discovery of penicillin is cited in a discussion of the role of serendipity as it relates to scientific discovery. The importance of sagacity as a personality trait is noted. Successful researchers have questioning minds, are willing to view data from several perspectives, and recognize and appreciate the unexpected. (JW)

Describes effects of field dependent and independent cognitive styles on teachers' instructional behaviors and compatibility between student and teacher. (RJC)