According to the author, management by objectives (formal goal setting and review) depends a great deal on the kinds of goals the organization has and the commitment of top management to the process. He discusses its potential advantages and disadvantages, conditions for adopting it, and successful implementation. (JT)

Discusses the term "scaffolding," outlining its theoretical definition and discussing practical applications. (SR)

Fostering self-determination is the defining focus of empowerment evaluation, but this type of evaluation overlaps participatory, collaborative, stakeholder-involving, and utilization-focused approaches to evaluation. It becomes critical to distinguish empowerment evaluation from other approaches as the field debates its boundaries and…

Presents a glossary of 24 terms that deal with the World Wide Web. (PA)

Discusses implications for school finance data collection and analysis of shifting to schools as key management and policy units. Discusses questions that school-level data can answer concerning resource utilization efficiency, effectiveness, intent, and equity. Outlines conceptual issues (school definition and identification) and database…

A review of the literature examines definitional issues in child abuse. The review is organized into sections on theory and ideology, historical broadening of concept, comparative studies, dimensions of definitions, operational definitions, and breadth of systems. The importance of definitional issues in construction of a unifying framework for…

The Ontario and British Columbia courts of appeal have held that the restriction of marriage to heterosexuals is unconstitutional. Opposing views in same-sex marriage litigation arise from different definitions of "marriage." Proposed federal legislation would legalize same-sex marriage but not resolve the larger, underlying issue of how…

Used the Activity Apperception Story Procedure to elicit perceptions of play, work, and learning from 3- to 6-year-olds. Found that children could distinguish play/work and learning/not learning using photographs. While children attended to anticipated cues for justifying their classification of photos, the justification data suggested that the…

Conducted a survey of the ways colleges and universities apply the student credit hour and the extent to which time is still used as a primary basis for awarding credits. Responses of 38 institutions show that most 4-year institutions do not have internal policies to define credit hours, and that credit hours are defined and awarded…

Discusses developments in global education and its core elements or dimensions (issues, spatial, temporal, process). Outlines a global education curriculum in terms of skills, knowledge, values, and attitudes. (Contains 33 references.) (SK)

Resilience is a set of attributes providing people with the strength and fortitude to confront overwhelming obstacles. The best way to prepare resilient youth for an uncertain future is to help them develop feelings of competence, belonging, usefulness, potency, and optimism via authentic, ongoing school experiences and critical examination of…

Educational administration as a scholarly discipline is dominated by a modernist world view encapsulated in a positivistic "reality" and legitimate, "factual" knowledge base. The postmodern critique of positivism has called the basic premises of foundational legitimacy into question and represents the field's most serious…

This review synthesizes findings of 16 cross-sectional surveys on the prevalence of child abuse (primarily sexual abuse) among nonclinical, North American samples. An incidence of approximately 22.3% for women and 8.5% for men was found over three decades though variations in study response rates and differences in child abuse operational…

Describes the practical application of interdisciplinary activities in a fifth-grade classroom. Twenty-eight students participated in a two-month unit which integrated database activities with mathematics, art, English, U.S. history, and public speaking. Illustrates that student leaders were able to understand and construct search strategies,…