The dual conception of literacy as functional knowledge and communication skills has provided the parameters of the debate on computer literacy, which has focussed on what type of knowledge is necessary, and what level, if any, of programming should be taught. These arguments and definitions, however, reflect a particular view of epistemology,…

As part of an effort to help preschool classroom teachers of the hearing impaired identify those children at risk in developing positive peer relationships, information was collected on 100 children with hearing impairments and 82 children with normal hearing. For hearing impaired subjects, data were collected on age, gender, age of onset of…

The development of a social skills curriculum for elementary-age emotionally disturbed children is described. Based on classroom observations leading to a list of 20 behaviors considered important for classroom adjustment and learning success (e.g., sitting still in a group, not disturbing others, and working independently), the program consists…

This review was intended to identify generic skills in interpersonal relations and to examine the implications of research for attempts to assess these skills. Using a developmental framework, three areas of research were reviewed: the social development of children and adolescents, clinical studies of interpersonal competence, and studies of…

The final report of the Early Careers Study at Michigan State Univesity (MSU) at East Lansing is presented. This longitudinal study investigated the organizational socialization and assimilation processes experienced by 334 engineering and management graduates from both a traditional university (MSU) and a cooperative college with close ties to…

Differences and similarities in child rearing practices among Chinese, immigrant Chinese, and Caucasian American parents were investigated. Subjects were mothers and fathers of 138 kindergarteners and first and second graders in Taiwan and the U.S. The child rearing variables of parental control, encouragement of independence, expression of…

Fear of success in women is a pervasive phenomenon affecting women's career development. Women affected by this phenomenon are often unaware that they are afraid of succeeding. Identification of the factors that contribute to the fear of success in women's career development is important for educators and counselors wanting to assist women in…

Black American males lack a ceremony to usher them into manhood. Such a ritual could help to ensure proper socialization and self identity. It may counteract the negative influence of street culture. Like other major life change ceremonies, a coming-of-age rite can help to locate anew the individual within the community. Elements of this rite of…

Theory and research on the processes of early social learning in children has indicated that television and television commercials play an important role in children's internalization of cultural meanings, interpretations, and values, whether or not the commercials children see are intended for or directed at them. Between the ages of 2 and 18,…

A case study is presented of a secondary student teacher, focusing on her adaptation to the role of a teacher, and factors that influenced the adaptation process. The student teacher described is one of a growing number of women who are making the decision to become professionals later in life, after having experienced roles such as marriage,…

The paper reviews literature relating to the developing of work socialization or employment skills in young mentally retarded children. The following areas are covered: work socialization for normal children in school settings, the concerns raised by critics regarding work socialization, the extent to which work socialization for young retarded…

To examine relationships between parents' ratings of children's temperament or behavior style and behavior of mothers and fathers toward individual children, 47 mothers and 47 fathers with a preschool child independently completed the Parent Temperament Questionnaire and the Iowa Parent Behavior Inventory. Dimensions of temperament measured…

A cross cultural study of 16-year-olds in Spain and the United States assesses the extent to which open or closed societies effect performance on the Dogmatism Scale, and the Acceptance of Self and Others Attitude Scale. (JH)

A questionnaire, created to help one identify and define sexist attitudes is followed by a selected partially annotated, bibliography on sex roles and non-sexist education and educational materials. (JC)