Research involving perceived internal versus external control of reinforcement as a personality variable has been expanding at a rapid rate. This article discusses (a) the place of this construct within the framework of social learning theory, (b) misconceptions and problems of a theoretical nature, and (c) misuses and limitations associated with…

Doctoral dissertation, University of Pittsburgh, 1967.

Chapter 5 in Life Skills in School and Society.

This research project, designed to examine social learning in infancy, attempted to examine the process of infant interaction through its beginning, middle, and end. Pairs of previously unacquainted 21-month-old children were observed in a laboratory playroom for 15-minute sessions on three consecutive days; on the fourth day, new dyads were…

This study identifies the factors leading to the socialization of new principals. The study examined the identification of new principals, the socialization or learning processes that lead to the principal's professional development, the extent to which other principals (peers) play a part in that socialization, the extent to which the selection…

The description reported here is the result of an analysis of two major dimensions of the occupation of the senior high school principal: the orientations engendered by occupational structures and the meanings attached by principals to their work. A guide was developed for use in semi-structured "intensive,""elite" interviews with 15 principals in…

This paper documents instances of Cuba's political use of sport internally and internationally. The linking of sport and politics is manifested in the number of times that pictures of Castro, involved in sport, appear in the Cuban media. This is pointed out as the two-fold desire of the politician to secure a virile media image and to mold the…

The relationship between aspects of preschool socialization experiences and sex-typed behavior was investigated in this study. Three hypotheses were tested: (1) that preschool play activities differ consistently in structure level, (2) that there are sex differences in participation in activities classified as high or low structure, and (3) that…

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the influence of qualitative cognitive differences (cognitive style) as a mediator between environmental circumstances (including ethnicity) and achievement measures. The concept of cognitive style is examined, particularly as it relates to school achievement differences between different sub-population…

This study attempted to determine whether different forms of child misdemeanors lead predictably to given types of parental discipline. Twenty-four mothers and their children, who ranged in age from 10 to 20 months, participated in the study for a 9-month period. Mothers were trained to report their children's behaviors and their own socialization…

This book focuses on the social situation of the hospitalized child in twentieth-century America. It contends that the children's hospital has many of the characteristics of depersonalization and enforced helplessness that are associated with other "total institutions" in our society. The book also examines the interpersonal approaches employed by…

A GENERAL SURVEY WAS MADE OF RESEARCH AND LITERATURE IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL LEARNING AND SOCIALIZATION, AND A BIBLIOGRAPHY WAS PREPARED. THE SURVEY WAS MADE TO PROVIDE AN INDICATION OF THE MAIN CURRENTS OF STUDY OF CHILDREN'S LEARNING OF POLITICAL CONCEPTS. THE SURVEY INCLUDED MAJOR SUBSTANTIVE PROBLEMS OF POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION RESEARCH--(1)…

A CURRICULUM GUIDE ON MEDIEVAL STUDIES IS PRESENTED, INCLUDING TEACHER MATERIALS AND STUDENT PROBLEM SETS. THE TEACHER MATERIALS DESCRIBE AND EXPLAIN THE ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL ASPECTS OF MANORIAL LIFE--THE PREDOMINANT FORM OF AGRICULTURAL LIFE IN NORTHERN FRANCE, ENGLAND, AND GERMANY DURING THE PERIOD FROM APPROXIMATELY 800 TO 1300 A.D.…

In a study of the differences in images of journalism among persons with varying amounts of contact with the profession, three groups completed questionnaires. The groups were composed of 79 high school students, 55 college students majoring in journalism, and 54 professional journalists. The questionnaire included four items to measure perceived…