Describes how preschool education in China has changed since the Cultural Revolution, what values and attitudes young children are being socialized to believe, to what extent public childrearing follows the political shifts within China, and how the changes in preschool education have been manifested in teacher selection and training. (NEC)

A study examined the effects of the student teaching experience on the pupil control ideologies of student teachers and attempted to assess the contributions of biography and social structure. Results indicated that cooperating teachers exerted little influence, but that biography and social structure played an important role in the socialization…

Education reforms, based on the ever-changing social values of the last 20 years, have left the schools in an amorphous state. Regardless of the changes that may affect demands made on schools, a principle need of the schools is balance. (CJ)

The arrangement of students into various learning groups is generally based on social class position. Social studies textbooks serve to perpetuate socioeconomic and political distinctions. School is discussed as a legitimating and socializing agency for an understanding of political and economic socialization in the school setting. (JN)

The ways in which values are learned in youth sport activities are discussed and the development of positive attitudes and behaviors are examined. Values are learned through modeling or imitating behavior. Three types of reinforcement can furnish incentives to achieve desired behaviors. (JN)

Concern exists that youth leaving the kibbutz have no occupation skills needed to secure work in the outside world. In a survey, two opposing hypotheses were examined: (1) kibbutz-born persons will be unable to adapt to outside life because of educational limitations; and (2) because of their education, kibbutz-born persons will display…

Describes a study which identified concepts and images which Swiss children and youth recognized as representing their country as a whole. Five hundred and sixty, 10-15-year-old-students consistently chose geographic features such as mountains and meadows, democracy, and neutrality to symbolize Switzerland. (AM)

Studied differential valuation of conformity and self-relevance as an antecedent to the use of physical punishment. Data from a sample of cultures indicated that a different cultural emphasis on conformity relative to self-reliance had a substantial positive effect on physical punishment. (Author/RC)

Education is inextricably linked with politics; it is used as a means of indoctrination or liberation. Evaluators of educational programs are not neutral; choices are made of methods, objects of study, and potential uses of results. Evaluation tools should take these factors into consideration and focus on organizations rather than individuals in…

This essay describes the dimensions of political socialization with systematic political education as a major component. Both promote individual acceptance of political norms--particularly where government and school systems are tightly linked. The authors argue that political socialization should promote effective citizenship rather than simply…

This study of Israeli youths' attitudes toward the Arab-Israeli conflict found that youthful opinions stemmed not from a single, coherent attitude but instead were affected by specific issues. Religiosity was the clearest determining influence. The impact of the Holocaust and Zionism were too complex to be described by the methods used. (Author/AM)

Tested the activity theory (which proposes that elderly persons remain in active contact with their environment) and disengagement theory (which suggests adjustment comes through reduction of activity and social contact). Disengaged elderly were identified. Subjects demonstrated significant improvement over the untreated control subjects. Results…

The growth of physical education as a discipline is shown in historical perspective through a look at the 1934 Atlantic City convention and related events through the end of 1939. Special attention is given to the most notable participants and contributors from the Eastern District. (JN)

Experiential learning programs which are conducted outdoors are termed outdoor education. Four categories of outdoor education programing are discussed: (1) personal growth programs; (2) interdisciplinary studies; (3) socializing agencies; and (4) recreation education. (JN)

The authors caution that in neglecting to focus on cognitive training, special education may be denying the very ideology on which it is built. (Author)