Prior research has indicated that, although negative mood induction procedures reliably lead to enhanced helping in adults, such procedures do not produce increased helping in young children. Consistent with the negative state relief model, it was expected that, relative to neutral mood subjects, children in a negative mood would be more generous…

A comparison of photographs in four German magazines published from 1926 to 1933 with photographs appearing in "Fortune" and "Life" from 1930 to 1938 reveals specific patterns and techniques by German photographers, who later emigrated to the United States, that served as models for "Life" and for subsequent American…

The purpose of the research on which this paper is based is to develop fundamental understanding of the problem-solving behavior of school superintendents, given the political character of their work environment. Data drawn from interviews with a school superintendent and a long-standing consultant to school boards are relied on as the basis for…

This speech discusses the negative effects of privacy on youth. The great technological developments, bureaucratization, and concentration of life in urban and suburban areas have greatly increased personal privacy and reduced close personal contacts. This paper discusses several studies which suggest that the above factors lead young people to…

Educators, educational planners, and social critics convened in Toronto (Ontario, Canada) May 26-28, 1975, to discuss the role of the media, especially television, in planning for the future. The emphasis of the workshop was on political and social futures, specifically materials and situations which would enable people to gain more control over…

This theoretical paper is concerned with the evaluation and preference responses of preschool children to light- and dark-skinned human figures. The paper examines the hypothesis that in children the frequently observed bias favoring light-skinned persons over dark-skinned persons is not a racial bias but is related to early learning experiences…

This paper, a discussion of papers by Robert S. Randall, Greta Fein, Richard Bauman and Murray Newman, looks at informal learning from an anthropological viewpoint with an emphasis on inversive theory. It is suggested that the irrational elements of informal learning, the combinations of order and disorder, allow children to relate to reality by…

Upon the death of a family member societally imposed role expectancies emerge. The participant observer method utilized in the context of a bereavement self-help group revealed not only the emergence of distinct roles but also five groups to which these roles were related. Generally, the group members and the groups themselves spanned a continuum…

Politically-decisive institutions can be divided into two broad categories. One is the category of primary political institutions. These are institutions whose basic reason for existence is itself political; in other words, political parties, the legislature, and the executive institutions of government. The second category is that of…

Designed to investigate the political orientation of Black children and, further, to use the findings for determining the need for appropriate political education programs, this study describes the political attitudes of 707 Black elementary school children (283 rural and 404 urban) from Northern Florida. Through questionnaires, and follow-up…

This study was undertaken in order to identify and describe the nature of socialization of females into sport. A fixed-alternative questionnaire was administered to 585 women who were currently active in sport. Results indicated that peers and family were the significant agents of socialization during childhood, peers and school were most…

The author offers some tentative hypotheses regarding barriers which limit progress of mature, married, black females in preparing and entering academe. The assumptions are based on limited data which are still coming in for a larger study on women in academe. The barriers discussed include: (1) limited role models, (2) limited encouragement to…

The purpose of this paper was to show how women medical students are socialized into their student role. The sample group was made up of 24 groups of six medical students, up to half of whom were women. The data were collected from responses to a questionnaire administered to the members of each group at the beginning of the semester and again at…

The tragic feature of our society is that much time and effort has been placed into the remarkably successful feat of prolonging life. But somehow in our society we have failed to build in reasons for appreciating those added years. Our heritage has been adapted to career building with the concommitant factors of home-making and family-raising.…

The influence of a child's sex, physical attractiveness, and conduct on parental expectancies of academic and social performance as well as socialization practices of the child's parents were assessed by comparing parental responses on these measures after reading a child's report card. Parents of elementary-age school children were asked to read…