Discusses the difficulties involved in determining the cost of clinical research in light of the changing health care market. These include confusion about terminology, lack of specificity, estimation of the cost of complications, duration of patient participation, and the assignment of personnel and infrastructure costs. (MDM)

Interviews with 401 randomly sampled residents of Singapore concerning the acceptability of 18 actions that suggested child abuse found strong disapproval of sexually motivated acts, greater disapproval of physical than emotional abuse/neglect, and some opposition to mandatory reporting of child abuse. Results support the use of definitions of…

Draws on previous review of literature on adolescent abuse. Argues for response in Britain that includes reconsideration of definitions of abuse; reappraisal of attitudes toward adolescents in general, and those disclosing abuse in particular; development of inter-agency working and styles of working which involve adolescents meaningfully in…

Notes there are many worthwhile educational programs serving a cross-section of students featuring elements of both public and private sectors. Reform initiatives recognize that schools need to form real partnerships with local businesses, community-based organizations, universities, and other organizations. Maintains that although Education…

In a four-year study, an assistant professor of educational administration asked superintendents and their staffs to characterize superintendents' leadership styles. Definitions generally fell into the category "power over" rather than "power with/to." Superintendents must learn to speak about power as a collaborative concept,…

Introduces a special issue on inclusion of children with disabilities into general education classrooms. Different definitions and views on inclusion are presented. The topics and findings of the concept papers and research studies that follow in the journal issue are then described. (CR)

When 16 children (ages 5-7) with specific language impairment (SLI) and 16 typical children named age-appropriate objects, the SLI cohort made more naming errors. Drawings and definitions of error items were poor. Eleven participants with SLI who participated in a forced-choice recognition task demonstrated significantly lower performance on…

Discussion of trends in the American Association on Mental Retardation's definition of mental retardation notes a shift toward a support paradigm and a definition stressing the interaction between a person's independent functioning and the various contexts of the person's life. The current definition is seen to promote greater access to the…

Addresses the role that mathematical definitions can play in the middle grades mathematics classroom and focuses on the concept of angle as it was introduced to 6th grade students. Describes a traditional approach and an alternative approach to teaching the concept of angle. Illustrates students' concept images of angle. (KHR)

This article examines a definition of giftedness that emphasizes asynchronous development and analyzes archival data collected on 535 high-IQ children in Australia. It found five patterns of behavior that provide evidence of asynchronous development: anxious; self-critical; overly sensitive; easily upset; and easily frustrated; with depression…

This article provides the American Psychiatric Association's definition of attention deficit disorder (ADD) and then gives an overview of ADD by considering the three types of ADD, the developmental impact of ADD, factors contributing to ADD, identification and assessment of students with ADD (emphasizing multimethod and consideration of…

Examines how teachers' and students' unacknowledged disciplinary and professional investments shape power dynamics in the classroom. Describes how participants in a study of undergraduate web authoring courses struggled to make their definitions of technological literacy the privileged definitions of the classroom. Questions the potential…

This article introduces the use of nonaversive behavior management with persons exhibiting undesirable behaviors. Definitions are suggested and three fundamental elements are explained: (1) a nonaversive set of procedures; (2) social validation criteria emphasizing personal dignity; and (3) the prohibition or restriction of certain aversive or…

The educational and research implications of defining mental retardation as a self-regulatory disorder are explored. Behavioral, social-learning, and cognitive conceptualizations regarding the structure and development of self-regulation is examined. Self-regulation is described as a complex linguistically guided skill that can be taught through…

Traces the different historical senses of the term literacy to see why it was chosen for generalization. Examines the semantic aspects of the term as currently used in three cases--scientific literacy, visual literacy, and cultural literacy. Discusses evaluative and analytic conceptions of literacy. (KEH)