The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of learning spelling words in context on 17 students in a third grade classroom. The students ranged from low to high ability in spelling. To investigate whether or not practicing spelling words in context has an effect on the learning of those words, students began the school year…

Facial responsiveness to pleasant and unpleasant odors was examined in 5- to 12-year-old children. Children failed to display reflex-like patterns, but exhibited facial configurations that varied according to odor and social condition. Results suggest that facial responsiveness to odors is flexible and able to reorganize and supports emotional and…

Three experiments involving 163 college students demonstrate that problem solvers use at least two sources of information to make operator selections in the building sticks task (adding and subtracting sticks to obtain a desired length): (1) information from their past history of using operators and (2) information from the problem's current…

Explores quantitative and Qualitative differences between context and word morphology as determinants of students' guesses of the meanings of novel kanji compounds. Japanese language learners interpreted unknown compounds consisting of familiar characters under three conditions. (Author/VWL)

Addresses the challenge of placing mathematics knowledge in context through a critical interpretation of math teaching and learning, discussion of what constitutes math knowledge, and examination of the effect of rural context. Presents principles for rural math education research, related to knowledge and context, the institution of schooling,…

This article discusses leadership contexts as they apply to school counseling. Outlines the activities and skills of each leadership context specific to school counseling, and provides an example of this holistic view of leadership as used by a school counselor. (Contains 39 references.) (GCP)

Compares narrative approaches to Kohlberg's theory of moral development along five dimensions: values relevance, legitimacy, universality, rationality, and commensurability. Argues that, contrary to Kohlberg's theory, narrative approaches may lead to contradiction in epistemology, nihilism in moral choices, and opportunism in relationships.…

Discussion of users of information retrieval systems focuses on a machine-learning approach to inferring the user's context in the Okapi system. Results of an evaluation experiment are given, and it is concluded that context learning can help information retrieval systems adapt to users' particular queries. (Author/LRW)

Children were presented with a related-word triplet (horse, pig, cow) with or without accompanying setting, or place, information (farm). Children were later given a retrieval cue from the first two words of the triplet and asked to recall the third word. Found that place information presented at acquisition and retrieval facilitated children's…

Investigated effects of sparse versus real contexts on understanding abstract mathematical concepts regarding the interpretation of linear graphs. Results of four experiments showed that a sparse context facilitated understanding of abstract concepts more than real contexts. Activation of abstract logic-mathematical knowledge structures was…

Examined whether context marked for grammatical gender can constrain the processing of homphone words in French. Homophones whose different meaning are associated with words of different genders were used in two cross-modal semantic priming experiments. (Author/VWL)

Data from the Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory for 187 Hong Kong supervisors showed that personality traits related to interpersonal orientation better predicted interpersonal versus personal contextual behaviors. Traits associated with moral obligation and group loyalty predicted personal but not interpersonal contextual behaviors.…

In a study of classroom second language acquisition, sought to determine reasons why the context in which a word appears does not always lead a language learner to an accurate interpretation of its meaning. Expands the existing research by using a natural intact, unmanipulated test as the context. Analysis of students' answers, self-reported…

The commentary to EC 232 373 and EC 232 374 discusses whether stuttering is really what the listener perceives, the stutterer senses, or the dictionary states. It concludes that stuttering can probably be defined in appropriate contexts as any or all of these three things. (JDD)

Issues that must be addressed to develop a cognitive multisource learning theory for educational research are addressed. It is proposed that a constitutive problem for educational learning theory is the explanation of difficult learning. A unit of analysis, called a "contextual module," is applied to this problem. (TJH)