This article discusses the role of temperament in the development of young children with disabilities and the five dimensions of temperament: activity level, intensity, mood, persistence, and reaction to new experiences. Types of behavioral tendencies that exemplify each temperament dimension are described, along with interaction adaptation…

Discusses how high and low expectations are communicated to British students both directly by what teachers say and indirectly through the systems and processes through which teachers work. Examines racial and social biases and notes that expectations can be self-fulfilling prophesies. Asserts that mental pictures and models of Britain need to be…

Discusses online learning in higher education, including online bullies who try to control and intimidate other students; developing an ethics policy; course evaluations; faculty development of online courses and curriculum; student needs and differences in learning styles; Web-based course design; and competition from commercial ventures. (LRW)

Reviews current experimental research that deals with various aspects of learner control in computer-based instruction (CBI). Topics discussed include cognitive styles; computer anxiety; levels of field independence; sequencing; feedback; interactive videodiscs; branching in software menus; varying the density of text; and suggestions for future…

Contrasted are two review lessons of two secondary mathematics student teachers with those of their high school cooperating teachers. Differences between the review lessons were analyzed by interpreting teaching as a complex cognitive skill and as improvisational performance. Expert-novice distinctions are discussed. (KR)

Eighty-six preservice teachers with low or moderate self-efficacy beliefs observed cognitive modeling or direct instruction and two types of attributional feedback to teach children a difficult concept. The combination of observed cognitive modeling and task orientation feedback raised estimates of success for preservice teachers with initial low…

Outlines fundamental capabilities of rule-based expert systems and examines their potential for improving computer-based tutoring. Topics discussed include subject matter knowledge; instructional strategies; rule-based representation of knowledge; decision making; problem solving; authoring languages; cognitive processes; possibilities for using…

Proposes an approach to school laboratory experiences which leads to gradual acquisition of inquiry skills based on the idea of advance organizers. Presents a design which is context familiar and can serve as an introduction to scientific inquiry. Discusses student achievement, and teacher and student attitudes. (CW)

Describes various models of learning styles and speculates on their applicability to distance education practice and research. Topic discussed include field dependence and independence; the Kolb Model; hemisphericity; sensory preferences; the Jungian approach; Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI); and psychological factors including age, sex…

Exhorts college teachers to adapt their teaching strategies to the needs of individual groups of students. Discusses the following categories of developmental learning as identified by William Perry: dualism, multiplicity, and relativism. Explains that for each category, a concomitant learning style is needed. Describes each learning style, and…

Conventional schooling too often ignores the influence of school culture on what is learned in school. Knowledge is situated, being in part a product of the activity, context, and culture in which it is developed and used; this is known as cognitive apprenticeship. Implications for understanding learning and teaching are discussed. (Author/BJV)

Examines research about learning disabled (LD) students and presents an LD learning-style profile. Describes a learning activity, TELSQA, that social studies teachers can use to encourage reading comprehension. TELSQA asks students to identify title (T), examine material (E), look for important words (L), self-question (SQ), and answer…

Suggests that the overall educational experience of science aspirants has an indirect and latent role in preparing future types of researchers. Discusses arguments concerning the relationship between cognitive inclinations and educational experience, and how problem-solver and problem-identifier type students respond to educational dilemmas. (YP)

A model of building factors that may constrain people and programs has four classes of constraining factors: perceptual, individual, program, and other. (MLF)

Describes a study conducted at the University of West Florida with the Navy that investigated the effects of cooperative tutoring on academic performance. Treatments for the experimental and control groups are described, and performance based on cognitive style as determined by scores from the Group Embedded Figures Test is discussed. (24…