To assess the impact of parents on children's achievement, self-concept, and related beliefs, extensive questionnaires measuring attitudes and beliefs regarding mathematics achievement were administered to children in grades 5 through 11 and their parents. The potential influence of parents both as role models and as expectancy socializers was…

Compared Black pregnant adolescents who applied for therapeutic abortions (TAs) with those who planned to have their babies (Terms). Suggests Terms seemed to be trying to fill a void and assume an adult role. Results indicated controls were most socialized, followed by TAs, then Terms. (Author/JAC)

Working-class girls in the Norwegian educational system are viewed in relation to sex-specific and class-specific socialization. The relationship perpetuates the suppression of the working class and maintains class distinctions. The general differences between social classes are described, and the familism of working-class women is examined. (JN)

Describes a study which explored (1) early childhood educators' attitudes concerning early childhood education and educational policies, and (2) regional or subgroup differences in these attitudes. Concludes that (1) respondents believe in the value of early education outside the home, and (2) the major subgroup differentiation is between…

Observers recorded the sex-typed activities of 49 children during free-play sessions in nursery school and kindergarten. Reinforcing and punishing responses of peers and teachers were also recorded. Among the results, children reinforced one another primarily for gender-appropriate activities. Most reinforcements and punishments were received from…

The theoretical framework proposed here treats political alienation as a normal outcome of the incompatability between egalitarian goals and social inequalities in democratic systems. The framework is applied to the role of education in the United States, a stable democracy, and in West Germany, an emergent democracy. (Author/SJL)

Discusses the 'back-to-basics' issue, contending that conceptions of educational basics lie within three time frames (ego-time, clock-time, timelessness) and noting that educational decision-makers often defeat their own 'back-to-basics' attempts because they operate almost solely on clock-time due to their specialized training. (SB)

Inclusion behavior refers to associations between people in groups. It recognizes individuals by including them in group activity such as getting acquainted, relaxing, or just having fun. Activities are suggested for use in the classroom or training session as well as in social situations. (JAC)

Data from a survey of high school and college students, designed to measure the relative influence of peers, family, and the media on perceptions about sex, suggest quite strongly that peers and the mass media are powerful agents in the acquisition of sexual information by young people. (GT)

Since Plato, the traditional ideal of the educated person has been the leader. In a democracy, however, it is the education of the entire people, not the leaders, that is paramount. Educational institutions must prepare people to be concerned critics, who hold their leaders and decision makers accountable. (Author/SJL)

The goal of physical education is to provide learners with the skills, strategy, customs, and expectations surrounding specific movement activities. Socialization models may serve to clarify the application to curriculum. Implications of this philosophy for curriculum design are described for elementary, junior high, and secondary levels of…

Addresses the school's imposition of values and examines ways in which First Amendment rights are threatened by the structure and ideology of American schooling. Discusses racism as a constitutional and practical problem and describes how poor, working class, and minority families are victimized by their lack of power over schooling decisions.…

This study assesses the impact of city size on 28 indicators of Black development and discusses four factors that probably mediate this impact: (1) Black population size; (2) politicization and responsive institutions; (3) city centrality; and (4) interactions among aspects of Black development. (Author/EB)

Recommendations to expand educational opportunities for adults at the college level reflect a stagnant and narrow view of adult interests and capacities. Recommendations emphasizing vocationalism and overlooking adults' potential for intellectual and personal development deny adults' needed and desired stimulation, peer group support, and status…