Used a sample of national firms (N=836) to investigate the relationship between specialization, formalization, and centralization in the functional work unit. Data indicated that the three variables compose a single dimension of organizational structure. Another finding was that, within this dimension, specialization, formalization, and…

Discusses problems with the use of stochastic (probabilistic) models for the analysis of juvenile offense data. Analyzes longitudinal data for White and non-White delinquents which show significant evidence of offense specialization and a random distribution of offenses if no specialization occurs. (Author/GC)

Data indicate that existing levels of specialized gerontological education are low, but that practitioners are supportive of further training and increased professionalism. Practitioners are receptive to efforts to increase gerontological knowledge and professionalism. However, the question of desirability of increased professionalism is raised.…

Relying upon grant-supported salaries, many medical schools have greatly expanded their faculties; but if new funding devices are not discovered, retrenchment will occur. Physicians, who are trained to look at the big picture, must continue to be an essential element in the biomedical research team. (MLW)

Student circulation of books in 43 major academic disciplines were examined for two patterns: (1) the extent to which students majoring in one subject use the books of another and (2) the extent to which books in one subject are read by students majoring in others. Graduate and undergraduate patterns are compared. (Author/JD)

A case is made for broader intellectual education in the undergraduate years of college. (JD)

An examination of management of housing for the elderly, a relatively new specialization within the field of housing management, with focus on the nature of work, training needed, employment outlook, and earnings. (JT)

Discussion of interdisciplinarity and knowledge growth focuses on some key ideas of social theory, the sociology of the professions, and other sources to outline librarianship's current situation. Highlights include globalization and cultural flow; disciplines and occupations; professionalization; librarianship and knowledge distribution; and the…

Responses from 122 of 411 business school deans/chairs indicated that 30 did not have business accreditation. Perceived accreditation costs, benefits, flexibility, and reputation varied by agency: American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business (most prestigious), Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs, or International…

Describes area studies as a product of the federal government's decision to provide needed resources beginning with World War II. Defines the elements within area studies as degree of specialization, factual knowledge, in-country experience, and language competency. Notes area studies research is loosely related to public policymaking. (NL)

Examines whether problem solving, decision making, and other thinking skills depend more on deep expertise in a specialty or on reflective awareness and general strategies. General and specialized knowledge function in close partnership. The partnership's nature and implications for educational practice are explored. (Author/BJV)

The trend toward bigger schools has been accompanied by a huge increase in overall youth misconduct, as measured by homicides, suicides, and arrest rates, and by declining achievement test scores. Students in smaller schools have fewer, but more intense and enduring relationships with adults in their school life. Modest ameliorative proposals are…

This summary of a seminar meeting on professionalism in the field of rehabilitation of persons with blindness or visual impairment addresses: management of services; specialization of services; public awareness; and certification. (DB)

Discusses the study of libraries as complex organizations and describes theoretical organizational models that have been used to investigate libraries. The concepts of complexity, centralization, and formalization are examined; occupational specialty, professional training, and knowledge specialization are explored; and further research is…

Some academic administrators have long felt that colleges are too much influenced by specialized accrediting agencies. Under pressure to control costs and improve general education, some are attempting to limit the agencies' authority. Proponents say accreditation is needed and conflict is inherent in the system. (MSE)