Describes procedures for identifying stimuli in the natural environment whose presence was associated with altered probabilities for both the initiation and persistence of noxious responses. (Author/SDH)

After declining steadily for more than a century, the number of Americans working for themselves has begun to stabilize. Data regarding distribution by race, sex, and age as well as by occupation and industry are tabulated for the period 1967 to 1973, and cyclical relationships analyzed. (MW)

In this paper an attempt was made to examine the thesis of Nicholas Hans (a further development of Weber's thesis) on the relationship between religious affiliation and educational achievement using the Soviet Union as an example. (Author)

Two new experimental operations were used to distinguish between auditory and phonetic levels of processing in speech perception: the first based on reaction time data in speeded classification tasks with synthetic speech stimuli, and the second based on average evoked potentials recorded concurrently in the same tasks. (Editor)

A confluence model is developed that explains the effects of birth order and family size on intelligence. (Editor)

The issue of power in exploratory single group repeated measures analysis of variance is explored under the condition of heterogeneous correlations across the repeated measures trials. Tables developed from 13 real and hypothetical data sets (70 cells) show how well both univariate and multivariate power is estimated under a variety of conditions…

A study examined whether conclusions about constructive processes in reading based on analysis of group data were consistent with those based on an analysis of individual data. Subjects, selected from a larger sample of 45 first grade students who had participated in a longitudinal study on acquisition of linguistic procedures for printed words,…

The present status of the Elementary and Secondary School Desegregation Study, funded by the United States Commission on Civil Rights and currently underway, was evaluated. The study is designed to investigate the relationship between type and extent of desegre- gation activity and the resultant level of desegregation in the schools. This study is…

This description of ways in which a microcomputer can enhance the process of conducting qualitative research uses a multiple site case study in education carried out during 1986-87 as an example (the study examined the mobilization and implementation stages of introducing microcomputers into a majority adopter school district). Specific…

This paper deals with how the validity of a category describing a person's conception of a phenomenon is established. The presentation is confined to the relation between some categories of description and one interview protocol. The case described here is taken from an investigation into conceptions of political power. The description concerns…

This paper provides a rationale for studies of educational program implementation and offers a causal model for program evaluation emphasizing pupil-related variables that intervene between program implementation and outcome variables. The rationale is followed by a discussion of implementation as an evaluation construct. Process, independent…

An interview investigation was undertaken in which a group of nurses and a group of technicians reasoned about evidence for the existence of a causal relation in a medical and in a technical case. A statement about the existence of the relation was presented and the subjects were then asked as to what evidence there might and should be behind such…

Despite the record numbers of older learners today and the probable future growth of these numbers, older people today are underrepresented in adult education. Furthermore, a significant segment of older people has serious educational deficiencies hindering their ability to cope in the contemporary world. Surveys show that the characteristics that…

The author contends that model misspecification can occur even after researchers have selected the generally most appropriate class of methods, or general linear model techniques. It is suggested specifically that canonical correlation analysis may provide more meaningful results, as compared with regression, particularly if analysis is augmented…

The information needed for informed decision making and planning by institutions of higher education can be made available through the establishment of carefully constructed databases. This handbook outlines the characteristics of databases, the needs databases meet, the key factors around which they must be organized, the advantages they offer,…