The major problem of this study is that of identifying how schools function as both a determiner and a reflector of a society or community. It addresses three fundamental questions. First, access questions are dealt with, e.g. who participates--what is the position or social standing of community participants in schools. Second, process questions…

The principles of structure and procedure for innovative organizations articulated by both postbureaucratic essayists and the organization theorists of innovation are identified. The conditions necessary to generate innovation--small, collegial, problem-solving groups; autonomy of line professionals; separation of planning from the process of…

This paper provides school building principals, teachers, and counselors with a systematic approach for implementing a comprehensive career education program at the building level by organizing teams of multi-discipline and/or multi-professional roles, called Career Activities Teams (CATs), composed of two or more persons committed to integrating…

The faculty of the University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh established a new structure for integrating a flexible calendar within the traditional semester. The new Calendar divides the fall and spring semester into 7-7-3 week modules and the summer semester into two 4-week modules. The Calendar's major purposes are to encourage curriculum innovation and…

The Farmers Training and Functional Literacy Programme, initiated by the government of India in 1968, was an effort to translate into practice the concept of linking education (not only vocational training) to development, particularly for increasing production. The project, a joint enterprise of three government ministries, provides participating…

The structure and governance of education in Maryland from early childhood through the graduate school is described in a report to the governor. A summary is included of the commission's views of education, as well as a brief review of the status of education, a proposed structural reform, and a series of recommendations. The recommendations deal…

This study was undertaken to determine the nature of innovation, change, and reform in higher education institutions, and to suggest how the use of educational technology might be made more effective in contributing to achievement of educational objectives. Visits were made to over 100 institutions in which externally-funded experiments were being…

The Choctaw Self-Determination Project's philosophy was based on the relationship between reservation development and American Indian self-government. During the first year, the bulk of resources and staff time were directed toward the development and implementation of a more effective Choctaw tribal government system and the acquisition of…

Advocates of community control over local schools seek deference to parental preferences from the professional staff. Specific proposals include: (1) Staff accountability to parental representatives for student learning; (2) parental participation in the selection of school principals; (3) parental participation in school level decision-making,…

As the problems encountered by big city school systems have increased, the educational establishment has come under sharp attack in some part because professional educators have unilaterally made far reaching decisions, insulated from public scrutiny. In order to voice opposition to these decisions, some community members have begun to form new…

This paper presents a model for leadership development emphasizing a process approach to the development of small-group leadership skills in a doctoral program in educational administration. Based on data collected in a nationwide survey, site visits to major universities, and an extensive literature review, the study suggests a model centered on…

Management systems have been adapted for educational administration in response to the need for quality of educational opportunity, collective bargaining, school district consolidation, decreasing enrollments, accountability laws, limited financial resources, and participatory decision-making. Management systems adapted, not adopted, from business…

This document is one of five manuals designed to improve management practices in Ohio two-year colleges. This manual provides administrators with an organized and logical discussion of the planning process, examples of effective practices, practical and useful ideas to improve planning practices, and criteria for effective planning which can be…

The history of U.S. Federal policy relative to the American Indian is traced from its beginnings in 1755 to its recent posture in the early 1970's in this monograph. Federal attitudes and resultant legislation are documented in a chronological examination of: the "removal policy" (the Indian Removal Act of 1830); the beginnings of Indian…

Study objectives were to assess the status of a representative number of American Indian tribal governments and to share that information with other members of the national Indian community. Sixteen Indian law students, assisted by 8 Indian lawyers, worked on 17 different Indian reservations during the summer of 1974. Generally working on their…