In an attempt to specify in some canonical terms what many heuristic programs known as "expert systems" do, an analysis was made of ten rule-based systems. It was found that these programs proceed through easily identifiable phases of data abstraction, heuristic mapping onto a hierarchy of pre-enumerated solutions, and refinement within this…

Reviews the problems of classifying gaming techniques and suggests a heuristic approach as one solution. Definitions of simulation, models, role, and game and play are discussed to help develop a classification based on a technique called gaming simulation. (Author/LRW)

Reviews the development of artificial intelligence systems and the mechanisms used, including knowledge representation, programing languages, and problem processing systems. Eleven books and 6 journals are listed as sources of information on artificial intelligence. (23 references) (CLB)

This study examines the management practice of the libraries of the University of Maryland from October 1996 to spring 1999. The historical dimension focuses on the implementation of the recommendations of internal communication proposals and proposals for service organization changes. The promised move to shared governance is outlined, especially…

Despite the fact that the culture seems to prize a "good listener," which is a compliment used in everything from a grade school report card to a description of an ideal marriage partner, listening actually is a less privileged interpretive trope than speaking, writing, or seeing. This paper, citing essays by Krista Ratcliffe and Nikki…

Argues that the portfolio deserves at very least a re-evaluation throughout academic (to say nothing of quotidian) life as an indispensable tool of the spirit of pedagogy. Suggests that Portfolio Process as a class or seminar should be integrated into undergraduate curriculum. Notes that the goal of the course is to link technical design education…

Presents a theoretical analysis of constructivism in practice by building a framework of dilemmas that explicates the conceptual, pedagogical, cultural, and political places of the constructivist teaching experience. The framework serves as a heuristic for teachers, allowing them to interrogate their own beliefs, question institutional routines,…

A theory of classical conditioning is presented, which is based on a parallel, rule-based performance system integrated with mechanisms for inductive learning. A major inferential heuristic incorporated into the theory involves "unusualness," which is focused on novel cues. The theory is implemented via computer simulation. (TJH)

Describes several strategies to help journalism students avoid "writer's block," including front-end editing, brainstorming, clustering, notetaking, freewriting, and journal writing. (MM)

Describes a mapping procedure which can be used to visually display the strategies used in problem solving. Applies the procedure to solutions of the Three Hungry Men problem. (25 references) (Author/MKR)

Analyzes difficulties of students experiencing their first contact with heuristic hypotheses. Attempts to interpret these difficulties and suggest remediations. Uses an example from the chemistry of aqueous solutions. (MKR)

Addresses the applicability of philosophers' insights regarding science to second-language acquisition. The generation of new hypotheses is an important component of theory construction. The role of reason in discovery is examined, as is the coincidence of interests between individual scientists and the institution of science. (Contains 99…

How scientists' tools have shaped theories of mind is explored, focusing on how methods of statistical inference have turned into metaphors of mind. The tools-to-theories heuristic explains emergence of a range of cognitive theories, and can be applied to current approaches that investigate the mind as an intuitive statistician. (SLD)

Joins an affective system of representation with several cognitive representational systems to try to construct a realistic model for problem solving competence. Discusses two major affective pathways, one favorable and one unfavorable, together with conjectured relationships between affective states and useful or counterproductive heuristic…

Introduces the concept of motivated self-deception as a way to explain how cognitive distortions develop in the thinking of child molesters. Several different everyday heuristics and patterns of self-deception are described, with examples of how the resulting biased information is activated and progressively organized by molesters. Provides a…