Employing conversation analysis as a research technique, this study investigates the ways that unintelligibility is accounted for and overcome within a therapeutic encounter between an individual with aphasia and dysarthria and his clinician. The results emphasize the collaborative nature of intelligibility negotiation and demonstrate how both the…

In this article, the author discusses a course she taught entitled, "Grrl Power and Beyond: Third Wave Feminism and Contemporary Popular Culture," in the interdisciplinary American Studies Program at her college. Here, she lays out her goals in designing the course, and the ways that her students, her circumstances, and her classroom…

This paper presents a new heuristic approach to interactive test assembly that is called the successive item replacement algorithm. This approach builds on the work of W. J. van der Linden (1987) and W. J. van der Linden and E. Boekkooi-Timminga (1989) in which methods of mathematical optimization are combined with item response theory to…

It is incorrect to say "the test is reliable" because reliability is a function not only of the test itself, but of many factors. The present paper explains how different factors affect classical reliability estimates such as test-retest, interrater, internal consistency, and equivalent forms coefficients. Furthermore, the limits of classical test…

Various realizations have led to less frequent use of the "OVA" methods (analysis of variance--ANOVA--among others) and to more frequent use of general linear model approaches such as regression. However, too few researchers understand all the various coefficients produced in regression. This paper explains these coefficients and their…

In classical Greece, there was a close tie between rhetoric and the practice and theory of public policy. Gradually, however, rhetoric became increasingly concerned with style and literary criticism, while philosophers began to debate political issues apart from the practical affairs of the polis. Because rhetoric provides a model that can still…

A new method for evaluating model fit that is easy to use and interpret is presented. The new method, which uses a binomial test of the number of hypotheses (paths) in a model that are supported by the data, has heuristic value when considering problems associated with other goodness-of-fit measures. An application of the binomial test as a…

This book takes an interpretative look at a common phrase in American educational equity lexicon, "the right to education." It addresses the educational disputes and issues of policy, procedure, and popular will that are associated with this phrase. Interpretation of the phrase is based on a focus on the everyday situations in which a right to…

The present paper suggests that multivariate techniques are very important in social science research, and that canonical correlation analysis may be particularly useful. The logic of canonical analysis is explained and discussed. The necessity of using replicability/generalizability analyses is argued. It is suggested that cross-validation…

The use of Procrustean rotation as a procedure for assessing the invariance of study results is proposed. Researchers have long relied on significance testing as a measure of judging the worthiness of empirical findings. However, significance testing has come under fire because it does not provide information about the importance or replicability…

The problem of obtaining designs that result in the most precise parameter estimates is encountered in at least two situations where item response theory (IRT) models are used. In so-called two-stage testing procedures, certain designs that match difficulty levels of the test items with the ability of the examinees may be located. Such designs…

The construction of parallel tests from item response theory (IRT) based item banks is discussed. Tests are considered parallel whenever their information functions are identical. After the methods for constructing parallel tests are considered, the computational complexity of 0-1 linear programming and the heuristic procedure applied are…

"Child as cultural apprentice" is a developmental psychologist's heuristic metaphor which is embedded in an individual-socioecological frame of reference. A basic theoretic feature of this metaphor is the explicit recognition of the interdependence of the process of child development and the socially provided resources for that…

This report of an ongoing research project intended to provide computer assistance to Army units for the scheduling of training focuses on the feasibility of simulated annealing, a heuristic approach for solving scheduling problems. Following an executive summary and brief introduction, the document is divided into three sections. First, the Army…

Introduces the concept of cover coefficient to indexing theory and discusses a way of computing term discrimination values by using the cover coefficient concept, index-term selection, and weight modification. This method is compared to an approach that uses similarity coefficients. (Author/EM)