This guidebook examines cultural differences in communication. It discusses strategies that managers can employ to become aware of cultural differences, to recognize when cultural differences pose a leadership challenge, and to adapt their communication style to enhance effectiveness. The booklet recommends that managers examine their own cultural…

Article is based partially on work done by the Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory in Portland, Oregon, in the development of instructional systems which provide increased problem-solving capabilities for teachers and administrators. (Editor)

To study the effectiveness of counselor supervisory methods, three groups of supervisees rated specific supervisor behaviors for frequency and effectiveness. Results showed beginning trainees emphasized the mechanics and task of supervision, while experienced supervisees perceived a less structured interaction that was more supportive and more…

In an attempt to clarify the problems which arise in the supervision of dissertations and the ways in which faculty can aid in preventing or dealing with these problems, nine graduate faculty from five different institutions were interviewed about their experiences. (RM)

Solicited paired comparison evaluations for a group of savings and loan association branch managers. Peer evaluations were obtained from 16 of these managers; supervisory evaluations were obtained from four officers. Interjudge agreement (both within and between groups) was high. Peer-generated evaluations assisted officers in making acceptable…

Before engaging in supervisory conferences with teachers following lesson observations, administrators should plan strategically by considering the psychological context of the conference and by reviewing carefully the data on the teacher's performance. (PGD)

Examined effects of training method and supervisor experience upon the learning of empathy. Analysis indicated that individually supervised subjects achieved a higher level of empathy than the controls. Subjects receiving programed training were intermediate in learning between individually supervised and control subjects. Supervisor experience…

Individuals strongly motivated toward self-goals (achievement, power, independence) rather than other-directed goals (affiliation) apparently perceive their leader to be less active, particularly with regard to instrumental supervisory behavior. (Author)

Presents specific methods for trainers to use in conjunction with their supervisory training programs in order to increase the amount of skill transfer that supervisors bring to the job. Methods include developing skill mastery, building confidence, and applying skills immediately. Post-training reinforcement sources for the supervisors are noted.…

Evidence suggests that student teachers are affectively disposed to examples of directive over nondirective supervision. Future research should examine tentative findings that student teachers prefer supervisors of the opposite sex. (Author/CJ)

The article examines the history of educational supervision in America, identifying (a) persons who acted as supervisors during certain periods, (b) the theory of "supervision" at differing times, (c) supervisory practices during each period, and (d) an exploration of the future of supervision. (MB)