This report summarizes some of the testimony presented during Congressional hearings in October 1983 to examine the reasons for increased poverty in this country since 1979. Terms used in measuring poverty are defined, and data relating to the amount of poverty that currently exists, who the poor are, and how long they remain in poverty are…

This report describes efforts to test a model of leadership effectiveness that centers on "macro variables" and "discretionary leadership." Macro variables were represented by the complexity of the environment, context, and structure of a unit. Discretionary leadership was defined as influence over and above that typically…

The importance of the link between education and work is examined along with current trends, including employment opportunities, the evolving structure of the American economy, and productivity. The positive, direct benefits apparent between work and education are that sound schooling benefits the individual, the employer, and the nation's…

A study compared the preferences of students, faculty and administrators in a public, four-year college for five types of institutional goals. Significant differences were found between these campus groups on all five types of institutional goals. Findings are discussed in relationship to previous research, and future research needs are suggested.…

Proposes an alternative approach to preoccupation with "in-puts" and "out-puts" that focuses on the distinctive character and images of schools, how they treat constituents and how constituents view them. As a supplement to survey research, nonreactive and unobtrusive measures are suggested: artifacts, signs, clues found in architecture, spacial…

An investigation of the relationship between informal interaction with students and the accuracy with which faculty members project students' perceptions of the institutional climate showed that "high" interactors consistently projected more accurate student ratings of the climate on a bureaucracy factor and less consistently predicted more…

Noting that the key issue in Italian educational politics is the over-supply of students and under-supply of both professors and facilities within the universities of Italy, the author discusses present efforts at reform in light of the social, economic, and political factors affecting the situation. (JT)

After pointing out possible prejudicial consequences of job restructuring both for occupational and economic interests of workers and for the structure and activities of the trade union movement, various trade union reactions and attitudes to work humanization are analyzed. Available from: ILO Publications, International Labour Office, CH-1211,…

A study investigated the conversational forms leaders employ, exploring the relationship between leaders' conversations and symbolic outcomes. It was hypothesized (1) that effective conversations by leaders would be characterized by coordinated management episodes, positive spirals, perfunctory rituals, and value expressive rituals, whereas…

This journal issue reports the results of a survey of Anchorage residents' own assessments of how they were doing economically in October 1988. A total of 407 randomly selected households were called and asked about finances, employment, plans to move, interest in buying homes, housing costs, and other economic indicators. Results were compared…

This paper discusses the significant political advances for disadvantaged children that have been dependent upon trends and upheavals in the economy and major social or political movements. Evidence is provided which indicates that large scale U.S. government programs are rarely based on a public concern for children, but rather on a more…

Every community in this nation wants safe, orderly school campuses, but we remain far from reaching that objective. Crime and safety issues continue to plague America's schools and to interfere with the education of our children. This document provides a framework for school improvement that specifically addresses crime and safety. Chapter 1, "The…

A study examined the creation of a new division within an organization, where members of management were primarily from an "immigrant" or regulatory culture, to determine the effects on management and professional satisfaction. Data were elicited through both a survey instrument and in-depth interviews with 26 current employees and 12…

Curriculum may be more adequately explained as the work of an organization than as a plan for individual learning. Research is reported based upon case studies of four allied health programs in one university with the intent to employ concepts from the organizational literature to describe a group of curriculums, and to determine if relationships…