Governments and other stakeholders have become increasingly interested in assessing the skills of their adult populations in order to monitor how well prepared they are to meet the challenges of the new information world. The current paper provides an overview of the conceptual framework for the assessment of numeracy developed for the OECD's…

Errors in written multi-digit computation were investigated in children with math difficulties. Third- and fourth-grade children (n = 291) with coexisting math and reading difficulties, math difficulties, reading difficulties, or no learning difficulties were compared. A second analysis compared those with severe math learning difficulties, low…

The objective of this introduction to Colombeau algebras of generalized functions (in which distributions can be freely multiplied) is to explain in elementary terms the essential concepts necessary for their application to basic nonlinear problems in classical physics. Examples are given in hydrodynamics and electrodynamics. The problem of the…

Theories that explain the gender discrepancy in mathematics almost universally explain why boys are "better at math" than girls while failing to adequately account for girls' higher grades in math classes or better performances on tests of computational ability. This article develops a new, more comprehensive theoretical model that explains girls'…

Research has been done to look at the benefits of BILOG over LOGIST as well as the potential issues that can arise if transition from LOGIST to BILOG is desired. A serious concern arises when comparability is required between previously calibrated LOGIST parameter estimates and currently calibrated BILOG estimates. It is imperative to obtain an…

The Statistical Analysis System was used to program a statistical procedure developed by K. J. Levy (1975). The focus was on Dunnett-like pairwise multiple comparisons among sample variances. An example using data from G. Glass and K. Hopkins (1996) is used to illustrate a computer run with this program. (Author/SLD)

Analyzes objections to the computational paradigm recently proposed by several cognitive scientists, suggesting that their objections are grounded in objections to specific properties of representations as they are used in various psychological theories. Discusses five properties that can be added to mediating states and examines their importance…

Three studies examined three- to six-year olds' understanding of cardinality independent of counting order. Found that more children expected different order count to yield same number when they did not have to count than when they counted or monitored puppet's counting. More children predicted that recounting would yield the same number than the…

We evaluated Samaniego and Reneau's 1994 novel weight method for eliciting subjective probability estimates. Experiment 1 replicated their experiment (subjects weighed their prior estimate against 10 new observations), with an additional weight judgment against 50 observations. In Experiment 2, subjects gave prior estimates to questions in a…

Bases such as 5 and 12 provide the same structural place value benefits as base 10. However, when numbers less than one are concerned, base 10 provides friendly decimals for the most common fractions of half, quarter, three-quarters. Base 5 is not user friendly at all in this regard. Base 12 would provide nice dozenimals(?) for the same…

The Bernoulli polynomials are generalized and some properties of the resulting generalizations are presented.

A general cubic equation ax[cubed] + bx[squared] + cx + d = 0 where a , b , c , d [is a member of R], a [not equal to] 0 has three roots with two possibilities--either all three roots are real or one root is real and the remaining two roots are imaginary. Dealing with the second possibility this paper attempts to give the geometrical locations of…

These proceedings contain the papers of the 16th International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in the Digital Age (CELDA 2019), held during November 7-9, 2019, which has been organized by the International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS) and co-organised by University Degli Studi di Cagliari, Italy.…

Reciprocal determinism is a central premise of Bandura's (1986) social cognitive theory. Studies of the relationship between self-beliefs and performance tend to draw on this or related theories and usually endorse the notion of reciprocal determinism at a substantive-theoretical level. However, attempts to model this postulated mutual influence…

The widely used PASCO laboratory equipment is an excellent way to introduce students to many topics in physics. In one case, PASCO's equipment may be too good! Various experiments exist for calculating the kinetic coefficient of friction by measuring the acceleration of a sliding object under some constant force. With ever more accurate equipment,…