In spite of impressive expansion in the educational systems of the Arab Middle East countries, educational research in that region is slow to mature. A number of practical and theoretical problems responsible for the slow development of educational research are identified and discussed. (Editor)

Argues that even for purposes of applied decision making, reliance upon criterion validity -- the degree to which measures correlate with specific criteria -- or content coverage is not enough, that the meaning of the measure must also be analyzed in order to evaluate responsibly the possible consequences of the proposed use, it is stated.…

The author conducted a cross national analysis of sociological research reported in leading journals at two points in time over a ten year period to determine if sociologists' ability to produce valid social generalizations had improved significantly over the recent past. The official journals of the United States (American Sociological Review),…

Three related studies were conducted to examine the effects of variations in procedures used for curriculum-based assessment of reading proficiency: the first addressed the question of the influence of sample duration on the concurrent validity of the measure; the second addressed the question of the influence of sample duration on the level,…

A series of studies on conceptual and design problems in competency-based measurements are explained. The concept of validity within the context of criterion-referenced measurement is reviewed. The authors believe validation should be viewed as a process rather than an end product. It is the process of marshalling evidence to support…

Demands for more complete information on educational programs have emanated from national, state and local sources. Their focus is on the processes that are occurring in individual classrooms. The information that is collected to provide insight into educational programs is customarily summative in nature, answering, for example, questions…

Arguments have recently been put forth that standard textbook procedures for determining the sample size necessary to achieve a certain level of power in a completely randomized design are incorrect when the dependent variable is fallible because they ignore measurement error. In fact, however, there are several correct procedures, one of which is…

A study was conducted to develop a comprehensive program costing model for vocational education. This model produced a comparison between the cost of operating a given vocational program and the average aggregate cost of operating all basic education programs. The model is applicable for both the secondary and postsecondary level programs and can…

Six monographs on the Rasch model are summarized. The first gives a historical perspective on the application of the Rasch model in the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area. The remaining papers summarize research on the Rasch model. The research in Monograph II lead to the conclusion that random samples are not needed to calibrate item levels in…

In a situation where the population distribution of latent trait scores can be estimated, the ordinary maximum likelihood estimator of latent trait scores may be improved upon by taking the estimated population distribution into account. In this paper empirical Bayes estimators are compared with the liklihood estimator for three samples of 300…

A study was conducted at Los Angeles Pierce College (LAPC) to test the relative reliability of small-sample telephone interviewing and large-sample mailings with postcard and telephone reminders for student follow-up. The study involved conducting a telephone survey of 245 former students who had enrolled at LAPC in four program areas, and a mail…

A comparison was made between four different scoring procedures for the 45-item Reading Comprehension subtest, Level I, of the Comprehensive Test of Basic Skills, Form S, for a sample of 1,000 third grade students. These students were selected to have been among those who omitted from 3 to 22 of the 45 items. Another representative sample of 1,300…

This report is based on the results of the Survey of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers and the Nonresponse Bias Survey published by the Commission on Human Resources of the National Research Council in 1975. Possible biases in estimates of variables are examined. Estimates based on data from the 1975 survey respondents, plus the nonresponse bias…

The effects of using different data analysis methods on estimates of treatment effects of educational programs were investigated. Various regression models, such as those recommended for Title I program evaluations, were studied. The first effect studied was the amount of bias that might be expected to occur in the various settings. Results…

Because latent trait models require that large numbers of items be calibrated or that testing of the same large group be repeated, item parameter estimates are often obtained by administering separate tests to different groups and "linking" the results to construct an adequate item pool. Four issues were studied, based upon the analysis…