Lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, and questioning (LGBQ) adolescents experience large disparities in an array of health problems and bullying experiences. Supportive LGBTQ community and school climates may protect LGBQ youth from general and bias-based bullying victimization. We combined data from LGBQ respondents on the 2013 Minnesota Student Survey…

There is a general consensus in theories of human speech recognition that humans engage in predictive processing during online speech processing. There are also claims that predictive processing indicates the operation of a predictive coding (PC) mechanism (Rao & Ballard, 1999). Formally, PC is a generative model where top-down signals consist…

Several programs of research have sought to assess the replicability of scientific findings in different fields, including economics and psychology. These programs attempt to replicate several findings and use the results to say something about large-scale patterns of replicability in a field. However, little work has been done to understand the…

Heavy and problematic drinking and sexual assault warrant significant concern on U.S. college campuses. Emerging evidence suggests that the risk for sexual victimization is amplified in the context of high-risk drinking behavior--and despite recent attention to sexual assault (e.g., MeToo Movement), rates of perpetration remain largely unchanged.…

Graduate Physician Assistant Education programs are increasing in size and prevalence in the United States. PA Students are trained in the medical model, but not until only recently there have been standardized instruments to measure student progress versus national data before a student takes their certifying board examination. Many programs are…

The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to explore if and to what extent teacher self-efficacy predicts three types of teacher job satisfaction (1) with co-workers, (2) with parents, and (3) with students' behaviors in second-and third-year teachers in Arizona. The theories of self-efficacy and social cognitive model of work…

Adults use both bottom-up sensory inputs and top-down signals to generate predictions about future sensory inputs. Infants have also been shown to make predictions with simple stimuli and recent work has suggested top-down processing is available early in infancy. However, it is unknown whether this indicates that top-down prediction is an ability…

Background: Children and adults with neurotypical development employ linguistic information to predict and anticipate information. Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have weaknesses in language production and the domain of grammar but relative strengths in language comprehension and the domain of semantics. What is not clear is the extent to…

What is the function of babbling in language learning? We examined the structure of parental speech as a function of contingency on infants' non-cry prelinguistic vocalizations. We analyzed several acoustic and linguistic measures of caregivers' speech. Contingent speech was less lexically diverse and shorter in utterance length than…

Like many other service organizations, drop-in peer tutoring centers often struggle to determine the required number of qualified tutors necessary to meet learner expectations. Service work is largely a response to probabilistic calls for staff action and therefore difficult to forecast with precision. Moreover, forecasting models under long…

Public health is the place where science, policy, politics, and activism converge. Each public health issue is a snapshot where we can see the unfolding of the collective processes that define who we are, what we believe, and what we value as a society. Our professional strength is our commitment to community and social justice values, but we are…

Numerous studies merely note divergence in students' and teachers' ratings of student noncognitive constructs. However, given the increased attention and use of these constructs in educational research and practice, an in-depth study focused on this issue was needed. Using a variety of quantitative methodologies, we thoroughly investigate…

An educational institution is a place where people of different ages gain an education. In Pakistan, it includes primary, middle, high schools, inter colleges, technical and vocational institutions, degree colleges and universities. They provide a large variety of learning environments and learning spaces. This article figures out educational…

Purpose: To examine the capacity of physiological variables and performance to predict peak oxygen consumption (peak VO[subscript 2]) in children and adolescents living with HIV. Method: Sixty-five children and adolescents living with HIV (30 boys) aged 8-15 years, participated in the study. Peak VO[subscript 2] was measured by breath-by-breath…

Fifteen years ago, Frey and Detterman established that the SAT (and later, with Koenig, the ACT) was substantially correlated with measures of general cognitive ability and could be used as a proxy measure for intelligence (Frey and Detterman, 2004; Koenig, Frey, and Detterman, 2008). Since that finding, replicated many times and cited extensively…