Indian languages seem to have emerged from a phase of total dependence on English for new input. Several Indian languages have now evolved vocabularies and structural nuances to handle several new registers and styles necessary for modern society. Some of the change has occurred through conscious language policy encouraging multilingualism and the…

Uniformity, and thus internationalization, of concepts and terms in special-purpose languages is desirable for reducing language barriers in the transfer of scientific and technological information. This is important for both industrialized nations and countries with small economies. Training of skilled personnel in developing nations has always…

This paper explores the relationship between ethnolinguistic maintenance and regional economic development in the context of the regional planning policies of the minority language Gaeltacht areas. The Gaeltacht areas, where the Irish language (Gaeliz) is predominant over English, are primarily found in the extreme western portions of Northern and…

This examination of the sociology of language in Canada focuses on the social or societal aspects of the relationship between languages and society rather than on linguistic aspects. The study is developed in seven sections: (1) an introductory discussion of language and communication systems, language acquisition, messages, and language…

Implementation of a language modernization process such as one occurring in the Pacific basin is as important as the policy development behind it. Three critical factors in implementation are teacher training, the development of good teaching materials, and a plan for evaluating program effectiveness. Attempts to meet the need for good…

The bilingual educational opportunities in the universities of Canada's primarily anglophone provinces are reviewed, focusing on the prairie provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba). The information is drawn from a survey of the nine universities in the prairie provinces concerning courses offered in French to students from bilingual…

The basic hypothesis of this study is that language education could be more effective if planning were to aim at developing an individual functional trilingualism involving a first (indigenous) language, a second African (national) language, and an official (foreign) language. The study covers the following matters: (1) a survey of developments in…

New Zealand shares with other Southeast Asian nations two sets of problems which stem from the presence of several distinct communities in one geographical/political area: the first relates to treatment of linguistic minorities, indigenous and immigrant; the second is that of social or regional dialects which, while not totally distinct from an…

This paper reviews the results of research on various programs for learning French as a second language from kindergarten to grade 11 or 12 in selected Canadian school systems. Generally, it examines the effects of a number of factors on French learning, such as student selection procedures and student ability, starting age, total amount of time…

One of 10 studies commissioned to investigate research needs and to stimulate planning activities, this paper claims that we know little about the language needs of all Americans, and argues that our real concern should be one of direction, not one of money. Although the need to communicate with the rest of the world has emerged as the most…

This directory of specialists and institutions involved with Anthropology and Language Science in Educational Development (ALSED) aims primarily at providing the foundation for an international ALSED network of scholars, qroups, and agencies actively dealing with the socio-cultural and linguistic adaptation of the content and methodology of…

This report examines attitudes toward and developments in foreign languages in British industry and education during the past ten years. It reviews the following reports: (1) the York Report published in 1974; (2) surveys of the London Chamber of Commerce and Industry; (3) surveys in industry, such as that by British Leyland in 1976; (4) a 1979…

This report, based on the materials used by the Committee on Irish Language Attitudes Research, describes the relations between language policy and socioeconomic development in the Republic of Ireland. Their contribution to central state planning in the maintenance and extension of Irish since attainment of political independence in 1922 is…

This is a report of the June 7-9, 1977, hearings on H.R. 15, a bill to extend for five years the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and related legislation. The focus of the hearings was on federal funding for bilingual education. The report consists of statements by persons prominent in the field of bilingual education and representatives of…

This paper holds that the outcomes of formal procedures between low-status groups and those in authority over them are largely symbolic or marginal in character. Language and gestures are said to define the involvement of these groups with authorities either as joint participation in policy making or as conflict. Whether a political action is…