In two studies, the role of biomedical knowledge in the diagnosis of clinical cases by physicians and medical students was explored. Experiment 1 demonstrated a decrease in the use of biomedical knowledge with increasing expertise. This result appeared to be at variance with some findings reported in some but not all of the literature. In…

Intended as a training manual for medical, educational, and institutional staff who work with disabled adolescents and adults, the booklet seeks to provide basic knowledge and dispel common myths surrounding sexuality and disability. Translated from Swedish, chapter titles and selected subtopics are as follows: (1) "Sexuality and Disability:…

Assessment of undergraduate student learning is discussed by a representative of the College Entrance Examination Board in testimony to the National Governors' Association. Governors are advised to avoid externally-mandated assessment requirements on colleges, since there is no single instrument available to effectively assess academic achievement…

The pamphlet reviews cognitive and developmental psychology research in which skilled and less skilled performance patterns and mechanisms have been compared. Knowledge has been described, in theory, in terms of an associative network in which concepts are represented as the nodes of the net, and relations between concepts serve as associative…

This paper analyzes the hardware and software features that would be desirable in a computer-based semantic network system for representing biology knowledge. It then describes in detail a prototype network of molecular biology knowledge that has been developed using Filevision software and a Macintosh computer. The prototype contains about 100…

The relative effectiveness of four instructional methods for increasing the interpersonal vocational skills of 122 mildly retarded high school students was investigated. Curriculum packages featured (1) verbal presentation of problematic social situations, (2) verbal presentation coupled with behavior rehearsal, (3) videotape vignettes of problem…

Principals, teachers, and counselors in 15 Indiana high schools were interviewed to determine what procedures they believed were required in various disciplinary actions, and what authority they believed had sanctioned these procedures. The interviewees came from small, medium, and large schools in rural and urban settings. Nearly 71 percent of…

A study was conducted to improve confidence judgment (CJ) accuracy of college students through training in discriminating known from unknown information. Both low- and high-achieving college students were given CJ tasks, consisting of general information questions, before and after a brief training session. In addition, as part of the initial CJ…

Two studies examined how the factors of content-relevant knowledge and text organization influence students' abilities to study and to remember text information. The first experiment examined the effect of prior content knowledge on students' ability to identify important information in the text. Forty 7th- and forty 11th-grade students, experts…

In spring 1989, a study was conducted at Catonsville Community College to assess the attitudes and knowledge of students, faculty, and staff regarding Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and to determine whether further education regarding AIDS was needed at the college. A survey was administered to all faculty and staff and to students in…

To determine the syntactic maturity of eighth grade Canadian students' writing, all the students in four eighth grade classes were asked to write two compositions--one narrative and one argumentative--two weeks apart. The syntactic maturity level of the resulting 81 narrative compositions and 82 written arguments was compared with the syntactic…

Preservice teachers' attitudes toward the roles of women in society and their knowledge about women and the world of work were examined. Three groups each consisting of 30 undergraduate education students majoring in early childhood education, elementary education, and secondary education were surveyed. Questionnaire responses were analyzed to…

Summary information and recommendations of the Nursing Delineation Study of the Kentucky Nursing Education Project are presented. Nursing tasks were identified, defined, and ranked as part of a systematic analysis of the nursing profession for the purposes of statewide planning. A 17-member task force represented the major domains of nursing…

This study investigated the capability of Indiana elementary and secondary school teachers to deal effectively with education about the environment and related energy issues. Questions addressed were: (1) What do Indiana teachers know about their physical environment? (2) How do Indiana teachers feel about the environment? and (3) How do the…

Open testing and test disclosure legislation has fostered a renewed interest in the problems and issues associated with test equating. This paper focuses on a specific application of test equating, that of professional and occupational testing for certification and licensure. Test equating is the process of making test scores from different forms…