The traditional explanation for dual-task interference is that tasks compete for scarce processing resources. Another possible explanation is that the outcome of the processing required for one task conflicts with the processing required for the other task. To explore the contribution of outcome conflict to task interference, this paper describes…

The widespread incidence of depression has promoted many theories about what variables are involved in this disorder. Beck has theorized that a depressive's negative affect results from a schema of negative views toward oneself. Gotlib and McCann have concluded that depressives have greater accessibility than nondepressives to negative content…

It has been demonstrated that effective use of "wait time" (up to three seconds) in teacher-student interchanges can result in spontaneous improvement in both cognitive and affective variables in the classroom. These changes are enhanced if information concerning wait time durations is supplemented by supportive interventions from…

Response rates and latencies of white, lower-, and middle-class preschool children were measured in an experimentally-induced frustration situation. Socioeconomic class differences in frustration situation. Socioeconomic class differences in frustration reactions were found; two possible hypotheses are offered in explanation. (SDH)

Results from three studies involving college, third grade, and kindergarten subjects, suggest that individuals across a wide age range are able to use the visual properties of a stimulus for only a very brief period as the basis for making matched judgments. (Author/SDH)

The present experiment was conducted in order to assess the effects of practice, blocked versus mixed presentation and familiarity on "same"-"different" judgments. (Author)

An assessment of selective search as an explanation for intentional forgetting was investigated by measuring reaction time (RT) in paired-associate lists of varying length. (Editor)

Sequential relationships between Stroop color-word stimuli were explored in a random discrete-trials manual response design. Posttrial availability of an interfering response was indicated by a subsequent reduction of reaction time when that response became appropriate. Previous evidence for suppression of competing responses is probably…

Behavioral measures, fractionated reaction and reflex times by means of electromyography, were used to determine if the eye color differences are found in the central or peripheral regions of the nervous system. The purpose of this research was to determine the truth of the hypothesis that dark-eyed individuals have faster reflex and reaction time…

This study was designed to determine the relationship between children's reflection-impulsivity and responses to a forced choice of a toy for play (labelled as impulsivity) and the length of continued play with the selected toy (labelled as latency). A group of twenty four-year-olds, male and female, were observed making a choice between toys. The…

Two experiments on the processing of lexical ambiguities in spoken prose were conducted using college students as subjects. The studies focused on noun-noun ambiguities, e.g. "straw" and "organ." The experiments utilized a variable stimulus onset asynchrony priming paradigm in which an auditory stimulus is followed at a…

The purposes of this experiment were: (1) to examine the development of categorical representations by comparing the performance of children of various ages to adults, and (2) to compare the internal representations of basic level and superordinate categories. Subjects were 48 children (in second, fourth and sixth grades) and 16 adults. The…

Two experiments are described in which reaction times for understanding target sentences or phrases in terms of a preceding context were measured. In experiment one, the target sentences followed either short or long contexts which induced either literal interpretations or metaphorical ones. Results indicated that only in the short context…

This study used the behavioral contrast paradigm to assess the excitatory and inhibitory capabilities of young infants. Behavioral contrast is described as the phenomenon whereby the rates of responding in the presence of two stimuli, both of which were previously associated with reinforcement, change in opposite directions when only one of them…

Differences between formal constraints on a generative grammar and concepts of efficiency in transforming sentences provide different expectations regarding performance measures if the grammar is taken as a psychologically real model. To contrast these views, subjects were given sentences varying in voice, mood, and modality and asked to transform…