The study found that 8 language-impaired 3-year-old children were less likely than 10 normally developing children to apply unusual sound changes to words with the potential for homonymy, suggesting they are limited in their ability to capitalize on the phonetic regularities of language. (Author/DB)

Assesses whether 30 children aged three-five years had a preferred direction in responding to "when"-questions and whether this preference could be influenced by story structure. Results indicated that children showed a preference for "after"-type responses and that productions of "before" were more likely to be…

Argues that words with different meanings normally appear in discriminably different contexts, and that the cue for learning to associate direct antonyms is not their substitutability but rather their frequent co-occurrence in the same sentence. (Author/VWL)

Two experiments explored six and nine year olds' memory and comprehension of sentences describing spatial or linear relationships. When subjects were instructed to recognize only verbatim sentences, memory was independent of reasoning. When subjects were specifically instructed to recognize the gist of sentences, however, memory and reasoning were…

Evaluates two hypotheses that argue that the Spanish demonstrative verbs "aqui" and "aca" can alternate in some contexts. The results of a quantitative study of Venezuelan Spanish show that the delimination hypothesis, which states that the place denoted by "aqui" is less limited and defined than the place denoted by "aca," is valid. (29…

Thirty-eight hearing adults' ability to comprehend English homonyms was evaluated from their transcriptions of two versions of a videotaped story, signed in either a literal sign model (Seeing Essential English 2) or a conceptual sign model (Pidgin Sign English). Participants' transcriptions were more successful after watching the literal version.…

L. J. Rips and F. G. Conrad (1989) suggested that the results from their experiments on folk beliefs about the mind provided clues to differences between folk and scientific psychology. An alternative explanation is developed that holds that their results shed no light on folk theories of the mind but are quite general. (SLD)

Presents and describes seven pictograms that correspond to the seven common propaganda devices described in another article in this issue. (SR)

Examines fundamental questions about how people process numbers. Several cognitive numerical representations are defined. The current major theories of numerical cognition are described with emphasis on how they differ in their assumptions about numerical representations and how these differences are reflected in the positions taken on various…

Discusses data modeling techniques for the design of information systems and presents the idea of defining a kernel for object role modeling (ORM) techniques upon which different drawing styles can be based. Highlights include syntactical and semantic aspects of the ORM kernel; entity relationships; and the NIAM modeling technique. (50 references)…

Semantic mapping is offered as a prewriting strategy to help students (of all ages) with hearing impairments organize and structure their writing. Semantic mapping can offer these students a visual access to the writing process. (DB)

Presents an integrated theory of the syntactic and semantic representation of complements where the unexpressed subjects of the embedded verb-phrase complement are subject to certain interpretation restrictions. It is argued that the grammar of English controlled complements can be derived from the interaction of semantically based principles of…

Reflecting on the important works of Alma Sabatini in the area of sexism, her work and those of other Italians is compared with researchers in other countries, particularly the United States, France, and Germany. The Italian language is analyzed, pointing out instances of sexism. (CFM)

The "roadworthiness" of literal meaning is tested in this essay, which involves a review of some influential views of literal meaning and related categories advanced by Searle and other pragmaticists, from the standpoint of integrational linguistics. Implications of an integrational perspective need to be reflected in theorizing about…

The term "adult education" was used in the United States in the late nineteenth century. Melvil Dewey developed a typology of adult education, and Henry Leipziger promoted New York City's Free Lectures program as an institute of liberal adult education. Leipziger's advocacy was largely responsible for the diffusion of the new term in its…