The relationship between the secondary education system and wider political, economic, and sociocultural developments in Africa is examined. Special emphasis is given to the problems of political ideology and education in Zambia; but as Zambian socialist ideology and educational history show similarities to other African nations, the author's…

The goal of the Nigerian school system in the context of national integration, modernization, and stability is social equalitarianism and welfare. Also, historically, Nigerian schools have been competitive and Western because of the colonial regime and missionary schools. The pattern remains in independent Nigeria with English literacy and Western…

As Mexico's first viceroy, Antonio de Mendoza's most noteworthy achievement was his laying the basis of colonial government in New Spain which continued, with modifications, for 300 years. Although he was lenient in dealing with the shortcomings of his Indian and Spanish subjects, he took a firm stand in dealing with the rebellious Indians in the…

See TE 499 864, above.

The development of the Congo's present formal education system began shortly after Protestant missionaries first entered the region in 1878. A distinct imprint had not been made on educational planning by the colonial government until problems compounded by the First World War demanded attention. A 20-year plan, which rested firmly and comfortably…

Although some educational progress at grassroot level was made by the Dutch Reformed Church Mission (DRCM) in African Malawi, the DCRM system contributed mostly to underdevelopment. Most Malawians were introduced to semi-literacy under thousands of semi-qualified teachers, and very few Africans who passed through the system later distinguished…

Describes the ethnic history and the economic development of Jamaica from its beginnings as a Spanish colony through British rule to post-World War II independence. Rastafarianism, an extremist Black nationalist movement, arose after independence. Its militancy is due to an overwhelmingly Black majority population, with few countervailing ethnic…

In Botswana, precolonial Tswana spirituality gave way to European secularization. This, plus related changes in labor patterns, government, and educational practices, led to the transformative educational philosophy that now separates the Tswana from the environment and traditional religious beliefs. This cultural fragmentation underlies the…

Examines the contribution of William Prescott's historical writing and the influence that it still exerts over Spanish historical scholarship in the United States. Prescott posited Spain as decadent, aristocratic, and consumed by social stratification and religious dogma, the antithesis of a vigorous and democratic United States. (MJP)

Canada Natives have experienced many educational changes. Their traditional education and culture were negated by Euro-Western schooling, leaving Aboriginal people in a deficit position without a strong voice for many years. Only recently have Aboriginal people strengthened their voice in calling for their cultural values and beliefs to be the…

Four co-editors of an Aztlan anthology discuss the state of Chicano studies and where it is going. Responses ranged from the need for regional diversity to recognizing feminist perspectives. They agreed that Chicano studies has always asked such questions as part of the process of reinventing itself in order to reinvest itself in its cultural and…

By the late 19th century, the military extermination of Indians was proving a failure and an embarrassment. Reformist Congressmen, including Thaddeus Pound, formulated a new policy based on land allotment and assimilation through boarding school education. Though framed in humanitarian terms, the primary goal was the removal of Indian resistance…

Examines the construction of racial scientific discourse within the milieu of an extremely racially segregated society. Traces the influence of capitalism, racism, Social Darwinism, eugenics, and "racial science" on the pedagogy of modern apartheid in South Africa. Finds evidence of pervasive effects of "scientific" ideas on…

Examines selected Native American child welfare programs in Canada that emphasize community control. Explains genesis of community programs after traditional systems perceived as agents of colonization. Concludes Native control can empower communities and encourage responsive service but explains how problems--including funding, jurisdictional…

Contends that social studies, originally a curriculum area unique to the United States, has become an international field of study. Asserts that social studies helps to develop citizenship and to encourage democratic institutions in nations that were formerly colonized by others. (CFR)