The literature of antonymy, though disjointed and inconclusive, has found that opposition is important to development, learning, psychological health, and creativity. To investigate the role of dialectics in cognitive processes and human learning, four empirical studies were undertaken. In study one, to investigate the dialectic process in…

This article describes a study to determine the effect of presentation mode and letter similarity on visual discrimination learning and to determine what effect the differential initial learning conditions have on subsequent paired associate learning. (PD)

Third grade pupils learned paired associates with nonsense words serving as stimuli and familiar nouns serving as responses. Half the subjects looked at concretizing pictures of the paired items and heard sentences or labels only. Sentences without pictured stimuli impaired learning, while sentences with pictures facilitated learning…

The major purpose of the present study was to provide a direct comparison of temporal contiguity effects in intentional and incidental PA learning, using the same orienting conditions and ISI values in intentional and incidental learning tasks. (Author)

Examines the usefulness of paired associative performance to assess for school learning proficiency by comparing a sample of learning-disabled (LD) youngsters to normals. Results indicate that the proportion of subjects in the normal and the LD groups who reported use of elaborative strategies compared to none laborative strategies does not differ…

The present experiment focused on the cue-selection strategies retarded individuals use during paired-associate learning. (Author)

A total of 336 second, fourth, and sixth graders were tested to determine whether the older children automatically attached verbal labels to pictures during paired-associate learning. The author questions whether such labeling necessarily facilitates item learning or associative learning. (JMB)

THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY WERE--(1) TO DEFINE AND ISOLATE THE BASIC PROCESSES INVOLVED IN PAIR-ASSOCIATE LEARNING, (2) TO SPECIFY THE IMPORTANT VARIABLES RELATED TO THESE PROCESSES AND THE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH EACH BECOMES IMPORTANT, (3) AND TO DEFINE AND ASSESS THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ASSOCIATION FORMATION PROCESS IN PAIRED-ASSOCIATE LEARNING…

BECAUSE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COLOR IN PICTORIAL INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WAS INDETERMINATE, 5 EXPERIMENTS WERE DESIGNED TO INVESTIGATE EFFECTS OF COLOR CUE RELEVANCE (DEFINED AS A CORRELATION OVER TRIALS BETWEEN PRESENTATION OF A GIVEN STIMULUS CUE AND REINFORCEMENT OF A PARTICULAR RESPONSE) ON PAIRED-ASSOCIATE LEARNING. OTHER INDEPENDENT VARIABLES…

RESULTS OF AN EARLIER STUDY SUGGEST THAT SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH NOUNS OF HIGH RESPONSE STRENGTH ARE EASIER TO LEARN THAN SENTENCES ENDING WITH NOUNS OF HIGH RESPONSE STRENGTH. THE INFERENCE DERIVED FROM THAT STUDY, AND TESTED IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WAS THAT THE ORDER OF A WORD IN NATURAL SPEECH IS A FUNCTION OF RESPONSE STRENGTH, SO THAT WORDS…

A group of 19 subjects was exposed to a verbal passage for learning that contained associatively related words, while a second group of 19 subjects was exposed to the identical passage but with high association (HA) words replaced by low association (LA) words. A written prompted recall test followed presentation. Group HA had as prompts all of…

This summary of research performed during the past five and one-half years and dealing with different attributes in memory functioning is organized around four attributes of memory: "Frequency Attribute: Verbal Discrimination" explores the development of the theory dealing with verbal discrimination tasks and lists several papers prepared during…

The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of designing an instrument to obtain information about word associations with certain factors held stable. The instrument developed, Words in Pairs, consisted of 20 items, each item containing four words. The first eight items required the subject to pair a noun with another noun of the same…