Background: While there is now considerable research on parenting by persons with intellectual disabilities, most of this research comes from Western countries. A dearth of information exists about families headed by parents with intellectual disabilities from other countries. This paper summarises the state of research and practice in Japan, related to existing knowledge in the field. Method: We conducted a review of Japanese research and media information about parents with intellectual disabilities, relating the situation in Japan to existing research from primarily Western countries. Results: Evidence obtained suggests that Japan is only recently making progress to dispel eugenics mythology about sexuality and parenting in persons with intellectual disabilities and recognising the need for specialised supports. Conclusions: We make eight recommendations for future research, policy, and practice in Japan, including ending discriminatory practices, funding needed supports, and educating and training workers and professionals in evidence-based supports.