The relative effectiveness of digital versus photographic images was examined with 96 college students as subjects. A 2x2 balanced factorial design was employed to test eight hypotheses. The four groups were (1) digitized black and white; (2) digitized pseudocolor; (3) photographic black and white; and (4) photographic realistic color. Findings…

This study was designed as the first in a series of inquiries to investigate the use of multidimensional scaling techniques for observing and measuring underlying dimensions commonly perceived by viewers. Following a preliminary study to select photographs, 15 university students aged 19 to 45 were presented with stimuli consisting of 34 colored…

A study investigated the size of the perceptual span within which adults use visual information to distinguish among letters as they read. The eye movements of fifteen college students were monitored as they read passages from a cathode-ray tube. On occasional fixations, letters in specified visual regions were replaced by other letters. The…

The authors suggest various procedures a counselor might use to rearrange the environment in which counseling occurs in order to promote a clearer perception of the counseling role by school personnel. The main strategies suggested are 1) observing self behavior and increasing desirable acts and decreasing undesirable ones and 2) posting counselor…

In an era where the image rules and the referent fades further and further into a fond memory, the need for cultural analysis and critique becomes profoundly urgent. This paper focuses on the question: How can a specifically feminist cultural theory begin to evolve? More often than not, women are the "imaged" in this culture. However, the image of…

This packet contains materials, process guidelines, discussion questions, and suggestions that serve as a guide for a 3-hour training session on the topic of organizational culture for groups of from 7 to 21 (or more) adults. During the training session, participants simulate organizational behaviors following three different sets of cultural…

Differences between community college faculty who are doctorally prepared and those who are not in terms of professional values, beliefs, interests, competence, and perceptions of the college environment are discussed, with note taken as to whether these differences persist when discipline and timing of graduate study are taken into account. The…

A multifaceted approach to adult development was empirically tested with 449 adult students enrolled in a large metropolitan community college system in the midwest. This approach suggests that most adults assume multiple life roles (relationship with self, with work, with others, and with family). The Adult Life Roles Instrument was designed to…

Gerontocratic is a term that is applied to societies that are governed by older men. This document reports the findings of an ethnographic study that investigated the experience of aging women in a traditional gerontocratic society in Kenya. Tribal women's roles and status were the central themes examined in light of dominant characteristics of…

This workbook provides practice in helping children acquire pre-reading skills. The activities within the workbook are presented in sequence of difficulty, and directions precede each activity. Since language development is an important part of reading readiness, some pages of the workbook require presenting the child with a series of questions or…

The study was undertaken in collaboration with the Kentucky Governmental Services Center (GSC) public administrators regarding the value of public administration education and training. A total of 1,467 out of 1,500 randomly selected public administrators submitted the mailed questionnaire; some respondents had completed a Management Awareness…

Perceptions of supervisor bias can profoundly affect employee morale, yet the perceiver usually infers bias from limited information. In this study, 95 male and female undergraduate students participated in groups of 2 to 5 for course credit, playing the role of middle-level managers working in the personnel department of a fictitious company…

Eighty-two undergraduate and graduate students at a major southwestern university participated in a study integrating reading research utilizing tachistoscopes with current knowledge based on analysis of reading connected texts. A tachistoscope was used to examine the nature of visual perception in relation to the ability of the subjects to apply…

The number of international students attending universities in the United States has increased steadily over the last two decades. Although research has found international students to have strong academic skills, high educational aspirations, and positive attitudes toward their school, other studies have found international students to face many…

School counselors perform a variety of tasks and are expected to assume a variety of roles. In an effort to determine school counselor and administrator perceptions of counselor responsibilities, 404 counselors and 315 administrators in Iowa completed a questionnaire by ranking their perceptions of actual and ideal counselor roles in each of 13…