In grades 8, 10, and 12, 464 subjects were tested on each of the four basic principles of conditional reasoning with (1) Four Card problem tasks and (2) a paper-and-pencil instrument. It was shown that the two assessment procedures lack concurrent validity. (Author/MN)

A factor analysis of Rotter's internal-external locus of control scale is described. The four factors extracted were there correlated with several political attitude instruments. Results lead authors to suggest a modification in Rotter's scale, particularly in the "just world" items. (JKS)

The reliability and construct validity of the Kohlberg Moral Judgment Scale, the Gilligan et al's Sexual Moral Development Scale, Maitland and Goldman's Objective Moral Development Scale, and Hogan's Maturity of Moral Judgment Scale were compared for a sample of male and female graduate students. (EVH)

The development and validation of the School Observation Scale is presented. The scale can be used by elementary teachers to record observations of pupil behavioral characteristics associated with learning disabilities and minimal brain disfunction. (Author/JKS)

A correspondence exists between a simplified data collection method employing results from a post test for graphic skills in kinematics, and a rigourous validation method. Examination of test responses for discrepant instances yielded further information of value. Hierarchical patterns of learning and remembering are identical. (Author/CP)

Concurrent and predictive test validity data and test-retest reliability data were obtained for a work sample performance measure and two paper and pencil tests in a laboratory setting. Findings are interpreted in light of a behavioral consistency model and the practical utility of work samples as a personnel selection technique. (Editor)

Questions the basis on which certain decisions are made and conclusions reached in schools with regard to intelligence testing. Discusses three distinct flaws in intelligence testing and how such tests must be designed to account for individual differences. (Author/RK)

Controversy and confusion surround the question of the appropriateness of tests for minority groups. It is believed that the matter should be approached rationally and that examining it relative to empirical, construct, and content validity will be helpful. (Author)

Describes the rationale for and the development of an instrument that provides scales to measure five school related constructs of self concept at three school levels and cites information regarding the factorial validity of each scale based on the derived data. (Author/DEP)

Two culture free intelligence tests, the D-48 Test and the IPAT Culture Fair Intelligence Test, are valid predictors of achievement test scores for grade levels 8 and 9. Highly significant correlation coefficients are observed between ethnic memberships and each of the culture free tests and the SRA Achievement Test. (Author/DEP)

A measure of positive affect using content analysis of verbal samples was devised and found to have satisfactory interjudge reliability. Normative data from five groups showed an association of positive affect levels with the situations subjects were undergoing. (Author)

Prediger confuses observations about the data with Holland's theoretical statement, performs some uninterpretable analyses, omits much relevant data, and provides an incomplete account of what psychometric authorities have said about raw scores in interest inventories. (Author)

A statistical study of 90 students entering the Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy in 1974 indicates that PCAT scores are clearly superior predictors over these scores: SAT-Verbal and -Math; college quality point average (QPA); Otis Quick-Scoring Mental Ability Test; and pharmacy course grade. (LBH)

The reliability and validity of the behavior of 45 institutionalized mentally retarded children (6-15 years old), with total IQs between 2 and 53, were assessed by a new scale measuring communication, self-help, physical skills, self-control, and social behavior. (Author/CL)

Trained raters analyzed the educational and psychometric quality of standardized mathematics tests for high school students in the United States. Results showed many tests to be weak in common types of validity and reliability. General mathematics tests had, as a rule, higher ratings than applied mathematics, algebra, or geometry tests. (Author/MN)