This study compared the model of J. E. Grizzle, C. F. Starmer, and G. G. Koch (GSK, 1969) and log-linear model-based approaches for testing hypotheses in r x c contingency tables. Tables were simulated under various conditions of table, sample, row-effect size, and column-effect size. Test statistics for column (main) and interaction effects were…

P. O. Johnson and J. Neyman (1936) proposed a general linear hypothesis testing procedure for testing the null hypothesis of no treatment difference in the presence of some covariates. This is generally known as the Johnson-Neyman (JN) technique. The need for the hypothesis testing step (often omitted) as originally presented and the…

This paper examines how temporal and spatial observation variables can drastically alter a visitor's comprehension of the phenomena depicted by a museum exhibit. The focus is on a tornado exhibit at the Exploratorium, a museum of science and human perception in San Francisco (California). Videotaped recordings of 10 children interacting with the…

This study investigated the robustness of the James second-order test (James 1951; Wilcox, 1989) and the univariate F test under a two-factor fixed-effect analysis of variance (ANOVA) model in which cell variances were heterogeneous and/or distributions were nonnormal. With computer-simulated data, Type I error rates and statistical power for the…

By definition, differential item functioning (DIF) refers to unequal probabilities of a correct response to a test item by examinees from two groups when controlled for their ability differences. Simulation results are presented for an attempt to purify a test by separating out multidimensional items under the assumption that the intent of the…

Science and technology are often presented and taught as two separate essences. When this is done, students as well as teachers are forced to attempt to develop the appropriate linkages. This book is one of a series designed to help teachers develop their science and technological education in ways that are both satisfying to themselves and…

This Monte-Carlo study compared modified Newton (NW), expectation-maximization algorithm (EM), and minimum Cramer-von Mises distance (MD), used to estimate parameters of univariate mixtures of two components. Data sets were fixed at size 160 and manipulated by mean separation, variance ratio, component proportion, and non-normality. Results…

This paper examines how visual information strategies may be used to facilitate the development of mental models. Topics covered include: definition of mental models; mental models and visual information; mental modeling concepts; power of modeling, including examples related to physical science, mathematics, writing, and depth of processing;…

This catalog contains entries on new and important issues in support of entrepreneurial education in the United States. The bibliography contains five categories of entries: (1) articles; (2) books and reports; (3) curricula and textbooks; (4) videotapes and films; and (5) computer simulations and software. The information is presented in…

This paper addresses the problem of whether two-dimensional solutions with different apparent meanings and different implied interpretations of the number-correct scale could be produced from the same test data set by simply shifting the orientation of the two-dimensional projection plane. An artificial data set of 3,000 response vectors and a…

Four multidimensional data configurations and one unidimensional data configuration were simulated for three differences in mean difficulty between two tests to be equated. Two chi-square statistics, Q1 and Q2, were examined for their ability to detect multidimensionality. Results indicated that Q1 did not discriminate between any of the…

Designed to analyze systematically the relative effects of different types of oral reading errors on comprehension, this instrument consists of a basic set (each with an easy and a hard version) of six stories. Every story is transformed so that it contains simulated errors of a particular type: (1) correct, (2) semantically related visually…

Teaching geography is the topic of this annotated bibliography. The following kinds and amounts of materials are cited: (1) 9 citations from "Resources in Education" (RIE); (2) 10 citations from "Current Index to Journals in Education" (CIJE); (3) 37 commercially available "Student and Teacher Materials" (12…

Law-related education is the topic of this annotated bibliography. The following kinds and amounts of materials are cited: (1) 15 citations from "Resources in Education" (RIE); (2) 9 citations from "Current Index to Journals in Education" (CIJE); (3) 38 commercially available "Student and Teacher Materials" (9…

Provided is a collection of papers on computer literacy and simulation originally published in The Physiology Teacher, supplemented by additional papers and a glossary of terms relevant to the field. The 12 papers are presented in five sections. An affirmation of conventional physiology laboratory exercises, coping with computer terminology, and…