In national longitudinal surveys of mature women, the wage advantage of single and childless women was stronger in large firms and in male-dominated occupations, suggesting the significance of discrimination among women by family history. Contains 28 references. (SV)

Evaluated female secondary school students' (n=317) career motivation using career commitment, occupational and educational aspirations, and vocational certainty as criteria. Found criteria related to variables of socioeconomic status, school marks, grade level, masculine/feminine trait dimensions, attitudes toward women, and marriage/family…

1,003 teachers and 66 principals in 66 elementary schools assessed the effects of various levels of parental involvement on school quality variables. School socioeconomic status, teacher degree level, grade level, class size, teachers' and principals' perceptions of teacher efficacy, organizational rigidity, and instructional coordination were…

Compares relative test anxiety of urban seventh- and eighth-grade students in North America and Chile. Finds the following: high-SES students from both cultures had lower test anxiety than low-SES students; Chileans had higher test anxiety than North Americans; low-SES females in both cultures had more test anxiety than low-SES males, but high-SES…

This article discusses findings from a seven-year longitudinal study of 24 junior high students. The study examined ways in which student beliefs about the future were affected by school, family, the economy, and peers. The effects of race, gender, and class on student dreams were also examined. (IAH)

The living arrangements of American children have been strongly affected by revolutionary social changes in the past 30 years, including a large decrease in first-marriage rates and an increase in divorce. Each year more than one million children are affected by divorce. Statistics on divorce and social trends are presented. (SLD)

From a sample of 1,000 New York attorneys, data from 553 men and 129 women suggest that professional autonomy depends on social capital arrangements that assume overtime, open-ended work demands, and release from private obligations. Access to time is qualitatively different for men and women, especially married women with children. (SK)

Discusses students' equitable access to technology and considers whether the quality of access is comparable. Highlights include home computers and socioeconomic differences, computers in schools, how computers are used in school, gender issues, students with special needs, and examples of elementary and secondary schools that have overcome…

Examines how centrality in world science is affected by performance and reputation. This study uses surveys of academic researchers and literature in engineering to ascertain the surging Japanese and the relatively declining American research performance. Findings show that reputation outweighs performance as the United States continues to…

Argues that meaningful participation for black women in the labor force has reached its peak and that racial and sexual discrimination still abound in today's labor market. It discusses the historical background of black women in the workforce, barriers to economic success faced by blacks, the impact of legislation, and the role of education.…

Describes the attempts of 247 adolescents, classified into sociometric statuses of popular, neglected, rejected, controversial, and average, to handle stressful events by mobilizing social support. Results suggest that sociometric status does not prevent attempts to mobilize support, but status may affect the amount or type of support that helpers…

Among 80 rural Swazi children tested upon entrance to formal schooling, those whose fathers were absent for long periods because of work migration had significantly lower scores on school readiness tests than did children with fathers at home. Results were not related to sex of child or family socioeconomic status. (SV)

Reviews and critically analyzes the book, "The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life." The author discusses cultural bias in intelligence tests, the errors made in assessing the cognitive abilities of blacks, and the negative effects stemming from belonging to the underclass in American society. (GR)

Examines the recent flow of Asian professionals to the United States based on Immigration and Naturalization Service data for the fiscal years 1988 to 1990. Size of group, composition, and mode of entry are investigated. Results show that Asians are a dominant group in the immigration of professionals. (SLD)

Intentions to emigrate and attachment to Israel of over 2,300 Israeli high school students were found to be related to a number of indicators of social status and involvement, including ethnicity, religiosity, gender, and SES. Immigrant status had a curvilinear relationship with attachment to Israel. Results support that social integration theory.…