The research reported here attempted to develop a social profile of the participants in organized sports leagues and to investigate the social and psychological satisfactions that were achieved by these participants. (DS)

The authors argue that instructional personnel in health education should assume an approach emphasizing joint decision-making processes in which the instructor models methods for making responsible choices, rather than assuming for the clients a unilateral responsibility for decision making. (MJB)

The author examines three phenomena--the inconclusiveness about the nature of intelligence and how to deal with it, the supplanting of learning theory by behavior modification, and the rise of human technology--and argues that a confluence of ethological theory applied in the human context may provide a coherent theoretical picture of…

This study investigated the impact of a marriage enrichment program. One experimental group received fair-fight training for three weeks followed by a sexual enhancement format for three additional weeks. The second experimental group received the opposite treatment sequence. Treatment effects generally favored the treatment groups over the…

D. Campbell and D. Fiske's multitrait-multimethod matrix was applied to data from two independent social learning measures designed to evaluate procedures used to aid 47 aggressive children (5-15 years old). (Author/CL)

Examines the relationship between self-instructions and subsequent instruction-following performance of 7- and 8-year-old children as a function of previous reinforcement for rule-breaking or rule-following. (BD)

Procedures used in empathy-helping studies suggest results may be due to demand characteristics. Two studies were run to investigate especially the mood induction process. One reproduced the Aderman-Berkowitz main mood effects. Another showed that after seeing a help-non-help incident, mood effects were demonstrated only when Ss knew the research…

Sixteen elementary school children were administered an auditory and visual vigilance task and their performance related to their off-task behavior in the classroom. In addition, the relationship of vigilance performance to teacher ratings of the children's behavior and to reading achievement scores was also assessed. (JB)

It is suggested that empathy raters be encouraged to accept the tough intellectual challenge of rating empathy inductively, since only then can the scale accurately reflect the counseling transaction. (EV)

The classroom behavior of 15 learning disabled (LD) third and fourth grade boys was compared to that of 15 matched normal Ss to determine differences in behavioral style and to examine LD Ss' behavior in different classroom environments. (Author/CL)

A review of play in nonhuman animals indicates that play increases with phylogenetic status, is important for mature social development in more advanced species, reflects intentional activity, and is essential for the development of tool-using strategies. (Author)

Analysis of a survey of senior high school students revealed significant differences between males and females, and between athletes and non-athletes in their attitudes and behaviors toward alcohol and drinking behavior. (MJB)

Teachers are advised to react constructively to class jokers by understanding that the student may be a gifted-talented person seeking attention or peer acceptance. (CL)

A sample of 40 babies was observed in a variety of mildly challenging situations throughout their second year and in a series of follow-up assessments at age 31/2. Findings revealed two types of avoidant mechanism--wariness of the unfamiliar and fearfulness after exposure to a mildly difficult situation. (JMB)