A study examined the influence of discussion questions with a dual focus on important and implied text ideas in children's story understanding. Subjects, 106 third-grade children from 2 middle-sized Illinois cities were randomly assigned to 4 experimental groups and 1 control group. Their comprehension was measured with free and probed story…

A study examined the effect of gender, age, and cognitive task on three types of reading recall. Subjects, 40 boys and girls in the second grade and 40 in the fifth grade from a suburban Northeast school system, all reading at or above grade level, performed cued or free recall on four high-interest short stories. Reading recall was assessed via…

These papers provide summaries of the most important discussions, conclusions, and issues from papers presented at a conference on reflective inquiry in teacher education. The following areas are covered: (1) new images for reflecting about teacher education; (2) reflecting on reflection in teacher education; (3) research on reflection in teacher…

Reading instruction based on the acquisition of basic skills has produced a basic level of literacy in children, but such minimal levels of literacy are no longer sufficient for students required to deal effectively with complicated literary and informational material encountered in upper elementary, middle, and high school texts. Research in the…

The reading exercises in this workbook cover the general areas of vocabulary development; study skills; comprehension skills; and reading in the content areas. The latter consists of reading materials divided into four major sections: social studies, science, mathematics, and literature. The vocabulary skills include word meaning in context,…

The reading exercises in this workbook cover the general areas of vocabulary development; study skills; comprehension skills; and reading in the content areas. The latter consists of reading materials divided into four major sections: social studies, science, mathematics, and literature. The vocabulary skills include working with synonyms,…

Reported are a series of studies revealing developmental and individual differences among preschool children on relationships between gender-based knowledge, gender constancy, gender schematic processing, recognition memories for gender-typed information, and flexibility, sequencing, and understanding of gender scripts. Alternative approaches for…

In this paper, discussion covers three approaches to the fostering of higher level thinking in students: (1) the stand-alone approach, in which thinking skills are taught separately from subject matter content; (2) the embedding approach, in which thinking skills are explicitly taught in the context of subject matter content; and (3) the immersion…

An extensive bibliography on teaching thinking skills is presented. This bibliography incorporates from an earlier one (1989) the available relevant references in the field of cognitive education as well as new references that have appeared since early 1989. This field of cognitive education is expanding at such a rapid rate that no bibliography…

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of three electronic text variables (run-around, wrap-around, and transparent text) on reading speed and comprehension. One hundred thirty-two undergraduate students in an introductory computer literacy course at a major university were asked to read one of three randomly-distributed passages…

A study investigated differences in reading rate and comprehension scores of 8th grade students on a cloze reading exercise involving the reading of a cloze passage from 10 different modes of text presentation (8 different computer screen formats and 2 different paper formats). Subjects, 300 students in computer literacy classes from 7 schools in…

This paper examines young adolescents' involvement with popular music and the health implications of that involvement. Initial discussion explores three central concepts: music media, adolescence, and mass media effects. A summary of research on music media in adolescence is offereed in two sections discussing exposure to, and gratifications and…

A study investigated the effects of the motivational variables of attribution and self-efficacy on the continued use of successfully learned strategies which promote independent learning from text. The subjects consisted of 11 freshmen and sophomore students participating in a two-week workshop on learning strategies which included a study project…

A curriculum framework was developed for a high school remedial reading program that combined the philosophy of immersion in stimulating reading experiences with that of strengthening the students' language experience. The first component was adapted for those students with first- and third-grade reading ability. A wide variety of…

A study investigated the effectiveness of using a particular type of instructional graphic, a "frame," on fourth and fifth graders' ability to learn from reading their social studies textbooks. Six fourth- and six fifth-grade teachers taught social studies using either frames or the instruction suggested in the teacher's edition of the…