This longitudinal study investigates the relationship between preschool children's ability test scores and their scores on achievement tests in 1st and 2nd grade. Subjects were 59 academically able children (27 boys and 32 girls, 4 black and 55 white) enrolled in an independent school. Children (mean age, 3 years, 9.8 months) were assessed with…

A TEST OF SCIENCE APTITUDE WAS CONSTRUCTED AND PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE OF ITS VALIDITY OBTAINED BY INDIVIDUAL ADMINISTRATION TO 58 GIFTED, 6- AND 7-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN. TWO FORMS OF A 91-ITEM HUNTER SCIENCE APTITUDE TEST WERE CONSTRUCTED. ITEMS INCLUDED IN THESE TESTS WERE DESIGNED TO MEASURE THE ABILITY--(1) TO RECALL SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION, (2) TO…

A LONGITUDINAL STUDY (HIGH SCHOOL THROUGH COLLEGE) WAS CARRIED OUT AT THE TECHNION-ISRAEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY TO INVESTIGATE ACADEMIC PREDICTORS AND PROBLEMS RELATED TO PREDICTION. FOR FOUR YEARS, THREE CLASSES OF 1,087 ENGINEERING STUDENTS WERE FOLLOWED. INTELLECTIVE PREDICTORS AND ACADEMIC CRITERIA ALONE WERE INVESTIGATED. HIGH SCHOOL AND…

THE HABILITATION OF EDUCABLE MENTALLY RETARDED YOUTH WAS STUDIED TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PREDICTOR VARIABLES. TESTS AND INTERVIEWS BY QUESTIONNAIRES WERE MADE ON 5 GROUPS OF YOUTHS WITH 25 IN EACH GROUP. DATA WERE ANALYZED TO DETERMINE THE RELATIVE WEIGHTS OF EACH VARIABLE AND MEASURE. DIFFERENCES AMONG THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS WERE…

The primary purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of infant test scores, Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) scores, socioeconomic factors and maternal IQ as predictors of children's mental test performance. Additional purposes were to (1) determine the extent to which socioeconomic factors and maternal…

This report stems from the misunderstanding of what general standardized tests and standardized admission tests can and were designed to do, and an uneasiness with certain discoveries concerning biases in the tests. Important issues such as margin of error, predictive value, social and racial bias, and the effects of coaching are the very issues…

A 10-YEAR LONGITUDINAL STUDY WAS UNDERTAKEN TO DETERMINE HOW CHANGE IS AFFECTED BY CURRICULUM, COMMUNITY, AND SCHOOL, AND BY THE STUDENTS' ABILITY, SEX, OUTSIDE ACTIVITIES, HOME LIFE, AND READING HABITS. IN 1961, A NATIONWIDE SAMPLE OF 32,000 CHILDREN IN GRADES 5, 7, 9, AND 11 TOOK A BATTERY OF TESTS. THERE HAVE BEEN PERIODIC RETESTINGS, TO BE…

Lack of agreement among linguists on basic points in language makes it difficult for the programer of self-instructional language texts to make definite statements concerning his subject. Programed instruction has been "too much concerned with the efficiency of the technique but it has not offered sufficient means of checking the validity of the…

This study tests the basic assumptions underlying Fishbein's Model of Attitudes by correlating an individual's selective exposure to types of television programs (situation comedies, family drama, and action/adventure) with the attitudinal similarity between individual attitudes and attitudes characterized on the programs. Twenty-three college…

Of all the areas related to the validity of the Commonwealth Secondary Scholarship Examination (CSSE) tests, that of predictive validity seems to have been studied most intensively. Since the inception of the CSSE scholarship scheme, a series of studies which have either examined the predictive validity of certain aspects of the scholarships, or…

A large amount of professional interest has been focused upon the ambiguities and problems involved in the conduct of professional licensing and certification through examinations. What seems to be a simple problem on the surface, that being the policing of professionals for competence and the practice of conducting this policing so that it offers…

The purpose of this study was to develop a screening procedure for undergraduate pilot training (UPT). This procedure was based upon the use of ground-based instrument trainers in which UPT candidates, naive to flying, were evaluated in their performance of job sample tasks; i.e., basic instrument flying. Training and testing sessions were…

Recent empirical evidence concerning sex and racial bias in testing is discussed in terms of three primary sources of bias: (1) content of the test itself, (2) atmosphere in which the test is administered, and (3) the use to which the test results are put. Test content that is demonstrably more difficult for one group than another should be (1)…

The conventional paradigm for testing expectancy theory predictions of work behavior has been to correlate expectancy-value reports with concurrent measures of motivation and performance. Although this static, two-variable approach has typically yielded statistically significant results, correlations have not been sizable. This study, using a…

This study is phase one of a 4-year project. It was aimed at examining the predictive validity of six preschool screening instruments on later academic achievement. The six instruments were (1) the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test, (2) the Sprigle School Readiness Screening Test, (3) the Anton Brenner Developmental Gestalt Test of School…