Relatively little work has focused on why we are motivated to learn words. In adults, recent experiments have shown that intrinsic reward signals accompany successful word learning from context. In addition, the experience of reward facilitated long-term memory for words. In adolescence, developmental changes are seen in reward and motivation…

We investigated the role of distinct inhibitory processes as 4- to 6-year-olds from the Northeastern United States (N = 48, M[subscript age] = 68.27 months, 22 boys, 26 girls; 63% White, 6% Black, 4% Asian, 2% Hispanic, 8% more than one race, with 17% not reporting) and adults evaluated accurate or deceptive information from human or non-human…

"Contemporary Perspectives on Girls' Educational Achievement: What About the Girls?" offers fresh insights into girls' perceptions and experiences of educational achievement in the contemporary context. 'What about the boys?' is a common exclamation in debates which centre around young people's educational achievements. But what about…

Growth mindset and academic grit are crucial for adolescents' academic achievement. However, previous research that explored their relationship through variable-centered approaches cannot adequately address the group heterogeneity. This study addressed the issue by conducting latent profile analysis and social network analysis with a sample of…

Growing up with multiple siblings might negatively affect language development. This study examined the associations between birth order, sibling characteristics and parent-reported vocabulary size in 6163 Norwegian 8- to 36-month-old children (51.4% female). Results confirmed that birth order was negatively associated with vocabulary, yet…

Identifying valid and reliable instruments measuring attitudes toward Artificial Intelligence (AI) and examining attitudinal gaps are becoming increasingly important as they may inform ethical and appropriate development, adoption, and regulation of AI technologies. In this study, we validated the 4-item AI Attitude Scale (AIAS-4) in a large…

Adjusting practice to different goals and characteristics is key to learning, but its development remains unclear. Across 2 preregistered experiments, 190 4-to-8-year-olds (106 female; mostly White; data collection: December 2021-September 2022) and 31 adults played an easy and a difficult game, then chose one to practice before a test on either…

Cell phone bans in classrooms have begun throughout the United States either with mandated laws, or recommended district enforcement. This controversial decision has evidence both supporting its existence, or supporting the resistance to it. Data analyzes both U.S. and international policies with varied results regarding the strengths and…

Providing realistic solutions for word problems proves to be challenging. A possible explanation is the influence of individual's expectations and beliefs about word problems. This explanation was tested in the present study in an out-of-school context. Specifically, the study assessed effects of (1) prompting participants to make realistic…

Daily routines have been found to be effective in reducing problem behaviours in adolescents. Daily Activities for Youth Opportunity (DAY-Opp) were assessed through validity and reliability analyses. The sample consisted of 165 typically developing adolescents (109 girls and 56 boys, mean age 16.06 ± 2.55 years). Differences were analysed using…

Previous research has demonstrated early-emerging gender associations with musical instruments. We investigated whether pitch, loudness and size affect gender-instrument associations in older (M[subscript age] = 9.37 years, N = 57) and younger (M[subscript age] = 7.73 years, N = 63) children (approximately even gender split, mostly North…

Objective: Self-reported memory difficulties are common among older adults, but few studies have examined memory problems among autistic middle-aged and older people. The current study examines self-rated prospective (PM) and retrospective (RM) memory difficulties and their associations with age in middle-aged and older autistic and non-autistic…

Despite its importance, studies involving developmental delay remain low in the last 10 years in Latin. The objective of the present study was to estimate and compare the prevalence of developmental delay during 2019-2022 in Mexican children under 5 years of age. This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Nuevo Leon, Mexico (n = 2,951).…

Statistical learning is a core ability for individuals in extracting and integrating regularities and patterns from linguistic input. Yet, the developmental trajectory of visual statistical learning has not been fully examined in the orthographic learning domain. Employing an artificial orthographic learning task, we manipulated three levels of…

This study examines the differences in third-party punishment and compensation behaviors in 3- to 5-year-old children (N = 114) in fair and unfair distribution contexts. Using both third-party punishment and compensation paradigms, the study involved Chinese-speaking preschool children. The results showed: (1) Children's intention and degree of…