Examined development of gender role qualities from middle childhood to early adolescence to determine whether children's gender role qualities predicted siblings'. Found that firstborn children's qualities in Year 1 predicted second-born children's qualities in Year 3 when Year 1 parent and child qualities were controlled. Parental influence was…

Examined role of parent-child discourse within a supportive relationship in children's early conscience development. Found that children's attachment security predicted maternal and child references to feelings and moral evaluatives in narratives about previous behavior incidents. Attachment security, shared positive affect between mother and…

A 3-year follow-along study of 422 adolescents with disabilities found associations between being arrested while in school or during the first year after school, and lower personal/social-achievement skills, gender, and disability status. Students with serious emotional disturbance or specific learning disabilities were more likely than students…

Examined processes in socialization that might account for an observed relationship between early socioeconomic status (SES) and later child behavior problems. Subjects were 585 children, followed from preschool to grade 3. Found that SES in preschool significantly predicted teacher-rated externalizing problems and peer-rated aggressive behavior.…

Examined the relationship between anxiety and performance dimensions of adolescents' social skills and their self-esteem, well-being, coping, and social support. Found that scores on a social skills measure and on measures of the four psychosocial factors were related. The social skills measure identified three subgroups (assertives,…

Power and Type I error rates were estimated for contingency tables with small sample sizes for the following four types of tests: (1) Pearson's chi-square; (2) chi-square with Yates's continuity correction; (3) the likelihood ratio test; and (4) Fisher's Exact Test. Various marginal distributions, sample sizes, and effect sizes were examined. (SLD)

Interviewed mothers and fathers from 100 first-generation, Indian immigrant families about their socialization values and practices. Also interviewed adolescents about their parents' behavior. Three predictors of parental attitudes and behavior were examined: modernity, acculturation, and time in the United States. Found that the effects of the…

A 3-year follow-along study of 422 students with disabilities in their last year of high school and 1 year later found that students with serious emotional disturbances and demonstrated low personal/social achievement skills were more likely to be victimized than those with other disabilities. Prior victimization, gender, and arrest record also…

Event history analysis, spanning grades 7 through 12, was used to test a developmental model of the timing of first sexual intercourse among boys at risk for delinquency. As predicted, antisocial/delinquent behavior and substance use along with early physical maturity and parental transitions predicted early onset of sexual intercourse. Anxiety…

Examined the relationships among racial self-designation, racial identity, attitudes, self-esteem, and demographic variables in a sample of 232 African Americans. Findings show 41% preferred black and 30% preferred African American. Gender, income, and educational level were each significantly correlated with racial identity attitudes. Racial…

Examined the pregnancy resolutions of 99 women to develop descriptive profiles of women who choose either adoption or parenting, to examine the relationship between sociodemographic variables and women's decisions, and to explore the impact of biological fathers on pregnancy resolutions. Found a clear contrast between women who choose adoption and…

Examines the relationship of 2 dimensions of the theory of social development--vulnerability and protectivity--in 2 samples, schoolchildren aged 10 to 15 (n=1,454) and addictive drug users (n=170). Finds that the most important protective factors act against substance use. Finds that among the predictors of the addicts some forms of escape from…

Assessed whether performances of 5- and 6-year olds in arithmetic tests can be predicted from their performances in neuropsychological tests. Participants completed neuropsychological, drawing, and arithmetic tests at 5 and 6 years of age. Findings at older age were correctly assumed by conclusions of first evaluation. (LBT)

Examined the association between attachment and emotional understanding in 2.5- to 6-year olds. Found that age and attachment security predicted a child's aggregate score on emotional understanding tasks. When the score was separated by valence of the emotion, attachment security and age predicted a child's score for only emotions with negative…

A study of the predictive power of motivational variables for 154 gifted students in introductory physics courses at German college preparatory high schools found achievement differences were influenced by the talent variable with no significant influence for either approach or avoidance motivation. However, approach motivation positively…