Developed an occupational stress inventory for school counselors, based on a pilot study of 353 counselors and a replication study of 410 counselors. Factor analysis identified six factors of occupational stress. Age and school size were the variables that had the most influence on perceptions. (JAC)

Explores the social determinants of the timing of the first birth in a nationwide sample of 6,752 women. Results showed education at marriage is the most important predictor. Although a few social determinants (i.e., race and religion) have a direct effect, most affect age at first birth through education. (JAC)

The correlation between advanced level secondary school grades, used as university admission criteria in England, and university achievement is examined using data on 1979 graduates. The relationship was found to be statistically significant but weak, possibly related to the accuracy of scoring. (MSE)

Investigates whether the Piagetian forms of sensorimotor, symbolic, and constructional play--together with controlled demographics such as socioeconomic status, age, and sex--predict social-emotional variables on the Devereux Child Behavior Rating Scale. (RH)

Examined female delinquency and gang membership in 122 black female juveniles using data from the 1960s. Concluded that racism, sexism, poverty, and limited opportunity are more important predictors of delinquency than personality and family relationships. Relationships with girl friends were more significant predictors than heterosexual…

Describes the development and testing of a model for counseling preservice teachers and for altering basic courses to meet the individual needs of a heterogeneous college student body. (FL)

Teachers' ratings of children's academic abilities, classroom skills, and personal-social characteristics were highly predictive of subsequent school achievement. Although teachers tended to be more positive toward girls, within each sex ratings were predictive of future performance. Teacher ratings were more predictive of scholastic success than…

Available published research on tutoring is reviewed with emphasis on research findings. Field research on long-term programs is examined, followed by a closer scrutiny of specific variables affecting the outcomes of tutoring--variables often examined in short-term projects. Included are problems of methodology and design. (RC)

The gains in accuracy resulting from applying any of the smoothing methods appear sufficient to justify the suggestion that all expectancy tables used by colleges for admission, guidance, or planning purposes should be smoothed. These methods on the average, reduce the criterion measure (an index of inaccuracy) by 30 percent. (Author/MV)

Describes a forecasting model sensitive to the major factors influencing educational outcomes, presents several forecasts based on alternative sets of assumptions, and discusses the implications of these forecasts, including ways to subvert them. (Author/JG)

This study sought to determine whether GRE subscores (or GMAT) could predict graduation rates in related areas (math-oriented majors for GRE quantitative, etc.) in a sample of over 9,000 graduate students at a major public research university. Because few low quantitative scores were present in math-oriented majors, an attempt was made to…

Beyond cases reported to authorities, little knowledge exists on the types, amount, and effects of childhood victimization. Through a national survey of adolescents, researchers examined the prevalence of sexual assault, physical assault, physically abusive punishment, and witnessing an act of violence and subsequent effects on mental health,…

Vocational identity is an important construct for physician career development. Physician vocational development has been grouped into three tasks (crystallization, specification, and implementation) pertaining to career choice and specialty choice (1) In defining the construct of vocational identity, it has been suggested that the relation…

Many students who attend school in California also take paper or computerized-adaptive tests developed in cooperation with the Northwest Evaluation Association (NWEA). These tests report student performance on a single, cross-grade scale, which NWEA calls the RIT scale. This scale was developed using Rasch scaling methodologies. RIT-based tests…

This paper analyzes how the composition of an institution's student body affects performance of that institution's students, examining how average student quality and dispersion in student quality within the student body affects individual students' future earnings. The first section examines two reasons why one's peers would affect future labor…